Gas bubble growth in heavy oil-filled sand packs under undrained unloading

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C.K. Wong ◽  
B.B. Maini
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Gas Bubble

Quantification of a Single Gas Bubble Growth in Solvent(s)–CO2–Heavy Oil Systems With Consideration of Multicomponent Diffusion Under Nonequilibrium Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Daoyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Bubble Radius ◽  
Motion Equation ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Viscous Term ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Nonequilibrium Conditions

A mechanistic model has been developed and validated to quantify a single gas bubble growth with considering multicomponent gas diffusion in solvent(s)–CO2–heavy oil systems under nonequilibrium conditions. Experimentally, constant-composition expansion (CCE) experiments are conducted for C3H8–CO2–heavy oil systems under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions, respectively. Theoretically, the classic continuity equation, motion equation, diffusion–convection equation, real gas equation, and Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) are integrated into an equation matrix to dynamically predict gas bubble growth. Also, the viscous term of motion equation on the gas phase pressure is included due mainly to the viscous nature of heavy oil. The newly proposed model has been validated by using the experimentally measured gas bubble radius as a function of time with good accuracy. Combining with the experimental measurements, the critical nucleus radius and gas bubble growth are quantitatively predicted with the newly proposed model. Effects of mass transfer, supersaturation pressure, mole concentration of each component, liquid cell radius, and pressure decline rate on the gas bubble growth are examined and analyzed. In general, gas bubble growth rate is found to increase with an increase of each of the aforementioned five parameters though the contribution of individual component in a gas mixture to the bubble growth rate is different. A one-step pressure drop and the unlimited liquid volume surrounding a gas bubble are considered to be the necessary conditions to generate the linear relationship between gas bubble radius and the square root of time.

Understanding gas bubble trauma in an era of hydropower expansion: how do fish compensate at depth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi K. Pleizier ◽  
Charlotte Nelson ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Colin J. Brauner
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Total Dissolved Gas ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Relationship

Hydrostatic pressure is known to protect fish from damage by total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation, but empirical relationships are lacking. In this study we demonstrate the relationship between depth, TDG, and gas bubble trauma (GBT). Hydroelectric dams generate TDG supersaturation that causes bubble growth in the tissues of aquatic animals, resulting in sublethal and lethal effects. We exposed fish to 100%, 115%, 120%, and 130% TDG at 16 and 63 cm of depth and recorded time to 50% loss of equilibrium and sublethal symptoms. Our linear model of the log-transformed time to 50% LOE (R2 = 0.94) was improved by including depth. Based on our model, a depth of 47 cm compensated for the effects of 4.1% (±1.3% SE) TDG supersaturation. Our experiment reveals that once the surface threshold for GBT from TDG supersaturation is known, depth protects rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from GBT by 9.7% TDG supersaturation per metre depth. Our results can be used to estimate the impacts of TDG on fish downstream of dams and to develop improved guidelines for TDG.

Nuclei and Cavitation

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. William Holl
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Cavitation Nuclei ◽  
The Stability

This paper is a review of existing knowledge on cavitation nuclei. The lack of significant tensions in ordinary liquids is due to so-called weak spots or cavitation nuclei. The various forms which have been proposed for nuclei are gas bubbles, gas in a crevice, gas bubble with organic skin, and a hydrophobic solid. The stability argument leading to the postulation of the Harvey model is reviewed. Aspects of bubble growth are considered and it is shown that bubbles having different initial sizes will undergo vaporous cavitation at different liquid tensions. The three modes of growth, namely vaporous, pseudo, and gaseous are presented and implications concerning the interpretation of data are considered. The question of the source of nuclei and implications concerning scale effects are made. The measurement of nuclei is considered together with experiments on the effect of gas content on incipient cavitation.

Acoustically Induced Gas Bubble Growth

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (1B) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Gas Bubble

Investigation of gas bubble growth in fused silica crucibles for silicon Czochralski crystal growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 125470
Author(s):  
Antje Hirsch ◽  
Matthias Trempa ◽  
Iven Kupka ◽  
Lea Schmidtner ◽  
Christian Kranert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Czochralski Crystal Growth

scholarly journals Gas depletion through single gas bubble diffusive growth and its effect on subsequent bubbles

2017 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 474-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Moreno Soto ◽  
Andrea Prosperetti ◽  
Detlef Lohse ◽  
Devaraj van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Bubble Detachment ◽  
Diffusive Growth ◽  
Pure Diffusion

When a gas bubble grows by diffusion in a gas–liquid solution, it affects the distribution of gas in its surroundings. If the density of the solution is sensitive to the local amount of dissolved gas, there is the potential for the onset of natural convection, which will affect the bubble growth rate. The experimental study of the successive quasi-static growth of many bubbles from the same nucleation site described in this paper illustrates some consequences of this effect. The enhanced growth due to convection causes a local depletion of dissolved gas in the neighbourhood of each bubble beyond that due to pure diffusion. The quantitative data of sequential bubble growth provided in the paper show that the radius-versus-time curves of subsequent bubbles differ from each other due to this phenomenon. A simplified model accounting for the local depletion is able to collapse the experimental curves and to predict the progressively increasing bubble detachment times.

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