scholarly journals Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain: Unravelling the underlying mechanisms at the central nervous system

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
J. Ribeiro ◽  
J. T. Costa-Pereira ◽  
I. Tavares ◽  
I. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Understanding Neuropathic Pain

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Zieglgänsberger ◽  
Achim Berthele ◽  
Thomas R. Tölle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitters ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Activity Dependent

AbstractNeuropathic pain is defined as a chronic pain condition that occurs or persists after a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system. Traumatic injury of peripheral nerves also increases the excitability of nociceptors in and around nerve trunks and involves components released from nerve terminals (neurogenic inflammation) and immunological and vascular components from cells resident within or recruited into the affected area. Action potentials generated in nociceptors and injured nerve fibers release excitatory neurotransmitters at their synaptic terminals such as L-glutamate and substance P and trigger cellular events in the central nervous system that extend over different time frames. Short-term alterations of neuronal excitability, reflected for example in rapid changes of neuronal discharge activity, are sensitive to conventional analgesics, and do not commonly involve alterations in activity-dependent gene expression. Novel compounds and new regimens for drug treatment to influence activity-dependent long-term changes in pain transducing and suppressive systems (pain matrix) are emerging.

scholarly journals Contemporary treatment neuropathic pain

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
Milan Cvijanovic ◽  
Svetlana Simic ◽  
Sofija Banic-Horvat ◽  
Zita Jovin ◽  
Petar Slankamenac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
New Applications

Introduction. Neuropathic pain, or pain associated with disease or injury to the peripheral or central nervous system, is a common symptom of a heterogeneous group of conditions, including diabetic neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia and spinal cord injury. Chronic neuropathic pain should not be thought of as a symptom. It should truly be thought of as a disease with a very complicated pathophysiology. Pathophysiology. The mechanisms involved in neuropathic pain are complex and involve both peripheral and central pathophysiologic phenomenon. The underlying dysfunction may involve deafferentation within the peripheral nervous system (e.g. neuropathy), deafferentation within the central nervous system (e.g. post-thalamic stroke) or an imbalance between the two (e.g. phantom limb pain). Clinical characteristics. Neuropathic pain is non-nociceptive, in contrast to acute nociceptive pain, and it can be described as ?burning?, ?electric?, ?tingling?, and ?shooting? in nature. Treatment. Rational polypharmacy is often necessary and actually it is almost always the rule. It would be an exception if a patient was completely satisfied with his treatment. Treatment goals should include understanding that our patients may need to be titrated and managed with more than one agent and one type of treatment. There should be the balance of safety, efficacy, and tolerability. Conclusion. There are many new agents and new applications of the existing agents being currently studied which will most certainly lead to even more improved ways of managing this very complicated set of disorders.

scholarly journals Alkali Burn Induced Corneal Spontaneous Pain and Activated Neuropathic Pain Matrix in the Central Nervous System in Mice

Cornea ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiang ◽  
Wenchang Zhou ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Alkali Burn ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF PRESCRIPTION AND ADR MONITORING OF DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
SUBHRANSU SEKHAR JENA ◽  
MONALISA JENA ◽  
NIBEDITA PATRO ◽  
SWATI MISHRA ◽  
MAITREYEE PANDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fatal Adverse Events ◽  
One Year

Objective: Neuropathic pain arises from damage or pathological changes in the peripheral or central nervous system. The pain is difficult to treat as standard treatment with conventional analgesics doesn`t typically provide effective relief of pain. Methods: It was a one-year study of utilization and analysis of prescriptions for PNDs (Painful neuropathic disorders). The parameters evaluated were demographic profile of the patient (age and gender), type and etiology of PNDs, drug data (name of the group of drugs with individual drugs, mono or polytherapy, number of drugs per prescription, formulation) and associated adverse drug reactions (ADR) with the prescribed drug. Results: Maximum number of patients of PNDs resides in the age group of 18 – 35 yrs (41.2%) & more common in females. The most common PND encountered was painful diabetic neuropathy (43.9%) followed by cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, postherpetic neuralgia. 2942 drugs were prescribed in 1020 prescriptions out of which 96.8% were oral and 3.2% were topical formulations. Most frequently prescribed group of the drug was tricyclic antidepressants (27.3%) followed by anticonvulsants (25.3%). Polypharmacy was seen 89.7% as compared to monotherapy (10.3%). Only 132 ADRs of various types were seen. The most common organ system affected was the central nervous system followed by gastro intestinal systems. The most common drugs implicated for ADRs were TCAs (24.4%), anticonvulsants (16.6%), and Pregabeline (9.8%). There were no fatal adverse events. Mild to moderate ADRs included constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dryness of mouth. Conclusions: The choice of drug depends on etiology of neuropathic pain, drug efficacy and availability and also on ADR profile.

scholarly journals Homocysteine and Age-Related Central Nervous System Diseases: Role of Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6259
Author(s):  
Amany Tawfik ◽  
Nehal M. Elsherbiny ◽  
Yusra Zaidi ◽  
Pragya Rajpurohit
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is remarkably common among the aging population. The relation between HHcy and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and eye diseases, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in elderly people, has been established. Disruption of the blood barrier function of the brain and retina is one of the most important underlying mechanisms associated with HHcy-induced neurodegenerative and retinal disorders. Impairment of the barrier function triggers inflammatory events that worsen disease pathology. Studies have shown that AD patients also suffer from visual impairments. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina has been suggested as a prominent site of AD pathology. This review highlights inflammation as a possible underlying mechanism of HHcy-induced barrier dysfunction and neurovascular injury in aging diseases accompanied by HHcy, focusing on AD.

Neuropathic Pain Syndromes

2021 ◽  
pp. 901-905
Author(s):  
James C. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
International Association ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pain Descriptors

The International Association for the Study of Pain defines neuropathic pain as pain that is initiated or caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system in either the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system. Several well-recognized descriptors for neuropathic pain suggest a neuropathic rather than nociceptive pathophysiology (hot, burning, painful cold, freezing, prickling or tingling, pins and needles, electrical, shooting, stabbing, lancinating, and itching). However, whether the pain descriptors are used alone or incorporated into questionnaires to identify neuropathic pain, their sensitivity and specificity are limited (generally 70%-85%); therefore, verbal pain descriptors are insufficient for making the diagnosis of neuropathic pain.

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