Performance analysis of RoFSO links with spatial diversity over combined channel model for 5G in smart city applications

Young people are important to cities, bringing skills and energy and contributing to economic activity. New technologies have led to the idea of a smart city as a framework for city management. Smart cities are developed from the top-down through government programmes, but also from the bottom-up by residents as technologies facilitate participation in developing new forms of city services. Young people are uniquely positioned to contribute to bottom-up smart city projects. Few diagnostic tools exist to guide city authorities on how to prioritise city service provision. A starting point is to understand how the youth value city services. This study surveys young people in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, and conducts an importance-performance analysis to identify which city services are well regarded and where the city should focus efforts and resources. TheÂ results show that Smart city initiatives that would most increase the satisfaction of youths in Braamfontein Â include wireless connectivity, tools to track public transport Â and Â information Â on city events. These Â results Â identify Â city services that are valued by young people, highlighting services that young people could participate in providing. The importance-performance analysis can assist the city to direct effort and scarce resources effectively.

Download Full-text

MIMO Systems in a Composite Fading and Generalized Noise Scenario: A Review

Recent Patents on Engineering ◽

10.2174/1872212114666200129162927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Keerti Tiwari

Keyword(s):

System Performance ◽

Performance Enhancement ◽

Channel Model ◽

Mimo Systems ◽

Mimo System ◽

Spatial Diversity ◽

Spatial Multiplexing ◽

Channel Models ◽

Efficient System ◽

Composite Channel

: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been endorsed to enable future wireless communication requirements. The efficient system designing appeals an appropriate channel model, that considers all the dominating effects of wireless environment. Therefore, some complex or less analytically acquiescent composite channel models have been proposed typically for single-input single-output (SISO) systems. These models are explicitly employed for mobile applications, though, we need a specific study of a model for MIMO system which can deal with radar clutters and different indoor/outdoor and mobile communication environments. Subsequently, the performance enhancement of MIMO system is also required in such scenario. The system performance enhancement can be examined by low error rate and high capacity using spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing respectively. Furthermore, for a more feasible and practical system modeling, we require a generalized noise model along with a composite channel model. Thus, all the patents related to MIMO channel models are revised to achieve the near optimal system performance in real world scenario. This review paper offers the methods to improve MIMO system performance in less and severe fading as well as shadowing environment and focused on a composite Weibull-gamma fading model. The development is the collective effects of selecting the appropriate channel models, spatial multiplexing/detection and spatial diversity techniques both at the transmitter and the receivers in the presence of arbitrary noise.

Download Full-text