High protein buckwheat flour suppresses hypercholesterolemia in rats and gallstone formation in mice by hypercholesterolemic diet and body fat in rats because of its low protein digestibility

Nutrition ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tomotake ◽  
Naoe Yamamoto ◽  
Noriyuki Yanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Ohinata ◽  
Rikio Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽  
Buckwheat Flour

scholarly journals Effects of breed, sex and diet and their interactions on fat deposition and partitioning among depots of broiler chickens

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Shahin ◽  
F. Abd El Azeem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Abstract. The effects of breed (Hubbard and Anak), sex and diet (two levels of protein (high or low) with two levels of crude fiber (low or high) at each level of protein) on fat yields and partitioning among the depots were studied. No significant differences were found between breeds in fat yields and in fat partitioning among the major fat depots. Expressed as a percentage of live body weight, females had a greater percentage of non-carcass fat, carcass fat and total body fat than males. Females tended to partition more of their fat to non-carcass fat, whereas males tended to partition more of their fat to carcass fat. The effects of diet were consistent over the breeds and for all fatness traits. Non-carcass fat, carcass fat and total body fat yields were greatly depressed and favorable fat partition between depots was achieved through feeding birds high protein- high fiber diets. These birds tended to partition more of their fat to carcass fat depots (more valuables) and less to non-carcass fat depots. Breed x sex, breed x diet and sex x diet interactions did not significantly influence most of fatness traits indicating that the factors under consideration act independently of each other. Significant sex x diet interactions was found for carcass fat and total body fat relative to live body weight: the sexual dimorphism in low protein diet is more pronounced than in high protein diets. The differences between sexes in their response to diet for these traits might have important implications.

Digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
L. Yarmots ◽  
G. Yarmots ◽  
A. Belenkaya
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Group

For ruminants, especially high-yielding animals in addition to the complete supply of animals with protein, its digestibility in the rumen is important. With low protein digestibility in the rumen, the released ammonia will be more effectively used by the rumen microflora, and the undigestible protein in the subsequent sections of the digestive tract can serve as a source of amino acids for the body. The use of concentrate mixtures with the inclusion of local, affordable and cheaper grain feeds, in particular a high-energy and protein ingredient- rapeseed presscake makes it possible to increase the milk productivity of cows throughout lactation. These presscakes are well balanced in their amino acid composition and belong to feeds whose protein has a low degree of digestibility in the rumen. The purpose of the researches was to study the digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake. In the scientific and economic experiment has been carried out on lactating cows, where the cows of the experimental group in the concentrate mixture of peas has been replaced with rapeseed presscake the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, energy metabolism and milk productivity have been studied. Studies have shown that almost all the nutrients were significantly better digested by the animals of the experimental group. Energy in milk was more allocated by cows of the experimental group by 6,29 MJ. From cows of the experimental group for 100 and 305 days of lactation has been obtained more milk by 6,27 and 7,06 %, respectively, than from control herdmates. The biochemical parameters of blood were within the limits of the physiological norm in animals of both groups. Thus, the replacement of peas with rapeseed presscake in the concentrate mixture did not have a negative influence on the metabolic processes and helped to increase the milk productivity of cows.

scholarly journals Adaptive changes in the capacity of systems used for the synthesis of citrulline in rat liver mitochondria in response to high- and low-protein diets

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McGivan ◽  
Norah M. Bradford ◽  
J. B. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Citrulline Synthesis

1. Citrulline synthesis was measured in mitochondria from rats fed on a standard diet, a high-protein diet, or on glucose. 2. With NH4Cl as the nitrogen source the rate of citrulline synthesis was higher in mitochondria from rats fed on a high-protein diet than in those from rats fed on a standard diet. When rats were fed solely on glucose the rate of synthesis of citrulline from NH4Cl was very low. 3. With glutamate as the nitrogen source the relative rates of citrulline synthesis were much lower than when NH4Cl was present, but similar adaptive changes occurred. 4. The activity of the mitochondrial glutamate-transporting system increased two to three times on feeding rats on a high-protein diet, but the Km for glutamate was unchanged. 5. Adaptive changes in certain intramitochondrial enzymes were also measured. 6. The results were interpreted to indicate that when an excess of substrate was present, citrulline synthesis from NH4Cl was rate-limited by the intramitochondrial concentration of N-acetyl-glutamate, but citrulline synthesis from glutamate was rate-limited primarily by the activity of the glutamate-transporting system.

Turbidity Assay for Rapid and Efficient Identification of High Protein Digestibility Sorghum Lines

2003 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Aboubacar ◽  
John D. Axtell ◽  
Lexington Nduulu ◽  
Bruce R. Hamaker
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
High Protein

Effect of chronic food restriction on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in castrate male sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Adam ◽  
P A Findlay ◽  
C E Kyle ◽  
P Young ◽  
J G Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Male Sheep

Abstract Castrate male sheep (wethers, average liveweight 38 ± 0·6 kg) were given one of the following diets for 10 weeks followed by euthanasia (n=8/group): high-energy high-protein providing 1·5 times the energy required to maintain liveweight (maintenance) (group 1·5M), low-energy low-protein at 0·5 maintenance (0·5M), or low-energy high-protein at 0·5 maintenance (0·5M+P). 1·5M wethers gained 22% liveweight whereas 0·5M and 0·5M+P wethers lost 18 and 13% liveweight respectively. Relative to the 1·5M group, the 0·5M and 0·5M+P groups had similar plasma concentrations of glucose and cortisol throughout, but elevated non-esterified fatty acids (P<0·001) and reduced IGF-I and insulin (P<0·05, 0·01 or 0·001) from 1 week onwards. Each week blood samples were taken every 12 min for 4 h and plasma assayed for LH. Mean concentration over 4 h, LH pulse frequency and LH pulse amplitude showed no progressive change in 1·5M sheep. However, in both 0·5M and 0·5M+P groups mean LH increased (P<0·001 and P<0·01 respectively), pulse frequency decreased (P<0·01 and P<0·01) and pulse amplitude increased (P<0·001 and P<0·01) over the 10-week period. Anterior pituitary LH content was greater in 0·5M (P<0·01) and 0·5M+P (P<0·05) than in 1·5M sheep. Coronal sections (20 μm) of hypothalamic brain tissue were subjected to in situ hybridisation to determine gene expression for neuropeptide Y (NPY). NPY mRNA was concentrated in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, with total amounts greater in both 0·5M (310%, P<0·001) and 0·5M+P (333%, P<0·01) groups than in 1·5M sheep (100%). These data reveal that chronic low dietary energy intake by long-term castrates, with high or low protein intake, reduces LH pulse frequency but increases the circulating levels of LH by virtue of an increase in pulse amplitude, and concomitantly increases hypothalamic NPY gene expression. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 329–337

scholarly journals Kualitas Organoleptik Telur Itik yang Diberi Pakan Maggot Hidup (Hermetia illucens)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aam Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Living State ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is a protein source of feed which is highly favored by poultry, especially ducks and chickens. However, it is feared that the provision of live maggot in ducks will affect the organoleptic quality of the egg, especially its taste and aroma. Therefore this study aims to determine the organoleptic quality of duck eggs fed Hermetia illucens maggot feeds in a living state. The study used 120 alabio ducks which were placed in a postal cage. The design used was a completely randomized design, each treatment using six replications. Each replication is taken egg sample to be tested panelists. The panelists used were 67 panelists who were somewhat trained. The data obtained were analyzed of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. The treatments that were tried consisted of P1: low protein rations without live maggot, P2: low protein rations with live maggot administration 40 g/bird/day, P3: high protein rations without live maggot administration, and P4: high protein rations with live maggot administration 40g/bird/day. The results showed that the treatment affected the texture, flavor, and aroma of boiled eggs. Ducks fed with high protein ration coupled with the provision of live maggot 40 g/bird/day produce softer textures, tastes quite good, and aroma more fishy. Keywords: Maggot, duck eggs, organoleptics

scholarly journals Protein intake and outcome of critically ill patients: analysis of a large international database using piece-wise exponential additive mixed models

Critical Care ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang H. Hartl ◽  
Philipp Kopper ◽  
Andreas Bender ◽  
Fabian Scheipl ◽  
Andrew G. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein Intake ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Standard Protein

Abstract Background Proteins are an essential part of medical nutrition therapy in critically ill patients. Guidelines almost universally recommend a high protein intake without robust evidence supporting its use. Methods Using a large international database, we modelled associations between the hazard rate of in-hospital death and live hospital discharge (competing risks) and three categories of protein intake (low: < 0.8 g/kg per day, standard: 0.8–1.2 g/kg per day, high: > 1.2 g/kg per day) during the first 11 days after ICU admission (acute phase). Time-varying cause-specific hazard ratios (HR) were calculated from piece-wise exponential additive mixed models. We used the estimated model to compare five different hypothetical protein diets (an exclusively low protein diet, a standard protein diet administered early (day 1 to 4) or late (day 5 to 11) after ICU admission, and an early or late high protein diet). Results Of 21,100 critically ill patients in the database, 16,489 fulfilled inclusion criteria for the analysis. By day 60, 11,360 (68.9%) patients had been discharged from hospital, 4,192 patients (25.4%) had died in hospital, and 937 patients (5.7%) were still hospitalized. Median daily low protein intake was 0.49 g/kg [IQR 0.27–0.66], standard intake 0.99 g/kg [IQR 0.89– 1.09], and high intake 1.41 g/kg [IQR 1.29–1.60]. In comparison with an exclusively low protein diet, a late standard protein diet was associated with a lower hazard of in-hospital death: minimum 0.75 (95% CI 0.64, 0.87), and a higher hazard of live hospital discharge: maximum HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.72, 2.28). Results on hospital discharge, however, were qualitatively changed by a sensitivity analysis. There was no evidence that an early standard or a high protein intake during the acute phase was associated with a further improvement of outcome. Conclusions Provision of a standard protein intake during the late acute phase may improve outcome compared to an exclusively low protein diet. In unselected critically ill patients, clinical outcome may not be improved by a high protein intake during the acute phase. Study registration ID number ISRCTN17829198

scholarly journals High Protein Substitutes for Gluten in Gluten-Free Bread

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Adriana Skendi ◽  
Maria Papageorgiou ◽  
Theodoros Varzakas
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Come Into The Market ◽  
Careful Design

Gluten-free products have come into the market in order to alleviate health problems such as celiac disease. In this review, recent advances in gluten-free bread are described along with plant-based gluten-free proteins. A comparison with animal-based gluten-free proteins is made reporting on different high protein sources of animal origin. Sea microorganisms- and insect-based proteins are also mentioned, and the optimization of the structure of gluten-free bread with added high protein sources is highlighted along with protein digestibility issues. The latter is an issue for consideration that can be manipulated by a careful design of the mixture in terms of phenolic compounds, soluble carbohydrates and fibres, but also the baking process itself. Additionally, the presence of enzymes and different hydrocolloids are key factors controlling quality features of the final product.

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