Associations of appetitive behaviors in 7-year-old children with their cardiometabolic health at 10 years of age

Abstract Purpose Research has identified plant-based diets as the most protective for our health; it is now essential to focus on good food associations and the beneficial constituents in plant foods. From a growing body of evidence, some categories of food phytochemicals are increasingly considered to play a crucial role in the cardiometabolic health effects associated with plant food consumption. However, the heterogeneity in responsiveness to plant food bioactive intake that is frequently observed in clinical trials can hinder the identification of the effects of these compounds in specific subpopulations and likely lead to underestimating their actual contribution to the health effects of their food sources. Results The magnitude and the main factors responsible for this between-subject variation in response to the consumption of the major families of food phytochemicals have been poorly documented so far. Thus, research efforts in this area must be developed. More importantly, capturing the interindividual variability in response to plant food bioactive intake, together with identifying the main determinants involved, is a crucial step that will enable the development and production of plant food products, thereby satisfying the nutritional needs and conferring benefits to different categories of populations. Conclusion The development of a science-based personalised nutrition approach focusing on plant foods rich in specific bioactive compounds could contribute to alleviating the dramatic burden of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

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Sleep and cardiometabolic risk: a cluster analysis of actigraphy-derived sleep profiles in adults and children

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Matricciani ◽

Catherine Paquet ◽

François Fraysse ◽

Anneke Grobler ◽

Yichao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Cluster Membership ◽

Geographic Clustering ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Study Participants ◽

Generalised Estimating Equations

Abstract Study objectives Sleep plays an important role in cardiometabolic health. While the importance of considering sleep as a multidimensional construct is widely appreciated, studies have largely focused on individual sleep characteristics. The association between actigraphy-derived sleep profiles and cardiometabolic health in healthy adults and children has not been examined. Methods This study used actigraphy-measured sleep data collected between February 2015 and March 2016 in the Child Health CheckPoint study. Participants wore actigraphy monitors (GENEActiv Original, Cambs, UK) on their non-dominant wrist for seven days and sleep characteristics (period, efficiency, timing and variability) were derived from raw actigraphy data. Actigraphy-derived sleep profiles of 1,043 Australian children aged 11-12 years and 1337 adults were determined using K-means cluster analysis. The association between cluster membership and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health (blood pressure, body mass index, apolipoproteins, glycoprotein acetyls, composite metabolic syndrome severity score) were assessed using Generalised Estimating Equations, adjusting for geographic clustering, with sex, socioeconomic status, maturity stage (age for adults, pubertal status for children) and season of data collection as covariates. Results Four actigraphy-derived sleep profiles were identified in both children and adults: Short sleepers, Late to bed, Long sleepers, and Overall good sleepers. The Overall good sleeper pattern (characterised by adequate sleep period time, high efficiency, early bedtime and low day-to-day variability) was associated with better cardiometabolic health in the majority of comparisons (80%). Conclusion Actigraphy-derived sleep profiles are associated with cardiometabolic health in adults and children. The Overall good sleeper pattern is associated with more favourable cardiometabolic health.

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The Cardiometabolic Health Benefits of Sauna Exposure in Individuals with High-Stress Occupations. A Mechanistic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1105

Author(s):

Kaemmer N. Henderson ◽

Lauren G. Killen ◽

Eric K. O’Neal ◽

Hunter S. Waldman

Keyword(s):

Multiple Stressors ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

High Stress ◽

The United States ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Low Grade ◽

Current Standard ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Sauna Bathing

Components of the metabolic syndrome (i.e., hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, atherosclerosis) are a leading cause of death in the United States and result in low-grade chronic inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and the eventual development of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). High-stress occupations (HSO: firefighters, police, military personnel, first responders, etc.) increase the risk of developing CMD because they expose individuals to chronic and multiple stressors (i.e., sleep deprivation, poor nutrition habits, lack of physical activity, psychological stress). Interestingly, heat exposure and, more specifically, sauna bathing have been shown to improve multiple markers of CMD, potentially acting as hormetic stressors, at the cellular level and in the whole organism. Therefore, sauna bathing might be a practical and alternative intervention for disease prevention for individuals with HSO. The purpose of this review is to detail the mechanisms and pathways involved in the response to both acute and chronic sauna bathing and collectively present sauna bathing as a potential treatment, in addition to current standard of care, for mitigating CMD to both clinicians and individuals serving in HSO.

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Assessing Cardiometabolic Health Risk Among U.S. Children Who Live in Grandparent-Headed Households

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 524-524

Author(s):

MinKyoung Song ◽

Karen Lyons ◽

Laura Hayman ◽

Nathan Dieckmann ◽

Carol Musil

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Change Agents ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Health Insurance Coverage ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Grandparent Caregivers ◽

Age Appropriate

Abstract Many interventions have been designed to leverage parent-caregivers as change agents for improving children’s cardiometabolic health (CMH), however very few have been designed to leverage grandparent-caregivers for that purpose. This is surprising since there has been a steady increase in children living in grandparent-headed households. As a first step in assessing the potential impact of interventions with grandparent-caregivers, we used data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (2018) to compare CMH measures in children living in grandparent-headed households with CMH measures in children living in parent-headed households. Our hypothesis was that CMH risk might be higher in grandparent households – given that research shows that grandparents taking over caregiving from parents is associated with worse overall health outcomes for both grandparents and their grandchildren. Additionally, since research indicates that children who experience ≥ 4 adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have significantly worse health outcomes, we assessed levels of ACEs. Our analytic sample included children aged 10-17 years (n=14,941). Adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and health insurance coverage status, children living in grandparent households were more likely to be obese (Adjusted Odds Ratio [95% confidence interval]= 2.04 [1.02, 4.09]), exposed to secondhand smoke (2.32 [1.49, 3.59]), and less likely to meet recommended age-appropriate standards for sleep (0.42 [0.27, 0.67]). The children living in grandparent households were more likely to experience ≥ 4 ACEs (8.59 [5.42, 13.62]). Our results provide indirect evidence that interventions with grandparent-caregivers may be particularly critical for improving CMH risk in families.

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Characterization and prevalence of obesity among normal weight college students

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2020-0240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kara C. Anderson ◽

Katie R. Hirsch ◽

Austin M. Peterjohn ◽

Malia N.M. Blue ◽

Alexis A. Pihoker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

High Density ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

AbstractNormal weight obesity (NWO) describes individuals who have a normal weight body mass index (BMI), but have an unhealthy amount of body fat. Based on the life-long habits that develop during college, exploring NWO among a college-aged population may be essential in identifying and preventing obesity that develops in early adulthood. This study aimed to characterize NWO among young adults with normal weight BMI. 94 college students (Mean ± SD: Age: 19.6 ± 1.5 yrs; BMI: 21.9 ± 1.8 kg/m2) enrolled during the Fall semester (Aug-Oct) were assessed for body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass and trunk fat; lifestyle habits were characterized from validated questionnaires. Mean arterial pressure and metabolic biomarkers [total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, non-high density lipoproteins, and glucose] were evaluated for cardiometabolic health. NWO was defined using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for body fat percentage. Data was analyzed by group (NWO vs NWL) and sex. with independent t-tests to investigate continuous data, and chi-square test of independence for categorical data. Rates of NWO for the total sample were 13.8%. Males (n=30) had a higher rate of NWO (26.7%) compared to females (n=64; 7.8%). NWO individuals had higher fat mass (p=0.024), trunk fat (p<0.001), and larger waist to hip ratio (p<0.001) than normal weight lean. NWO also engaged in less vigorous physical activity (p=0.043). The occurrence of NWO among otherwise healthy college students is evident. Identification of these individuals may be an effective component for obesity prevention and treatment. Determining feasible methods to measure body fat in this population is essential, as BMI may mask obesity in a young adult population.

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Modelling the Reallocation of Time Spent Sitting into Physical Activity: Isotemporal Substitution vs. Compositional Isotemporal Substitution

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6210

Author(s):

Gregory J. H. Biddle ◽

Joseph Henson ◽

Stuart J. H. Biddle ◽

Melanie J. Davies ◽

Kamlesh Khunti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Future Research ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Randomised Control Trials ◽

Data Driven Decisions

Isotemporal substitution modelling (ISM) and compositional isotemporal modelling (CISM) are statistical approaches used in epidemiology to model the associations of replacing time in one physical behaviour with time in another. This study’s aim was to use both ISM and CISM to examine and compare associations of reallocating 60 min of sitting into standing or stepping with markers of cardiometabolic health. Cross-sectional data collected during three randomised control trials (RCTs) were utilised. All participants (n = 1554) were identified as being at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Reallocating 60 min from sitting to standing and to stepping was associated with a lower BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol using both ISM and CISM (p < 0.05). The direction and magnitude of significant associations were consistent across methods. No associations were observed for hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for either method. Results of both ISM and CISM were broadly similar, allowing for the interpretation of previous research, and should enable future research in order to make informed methodological, data-driven decisions.

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