Liraglutide decreases energy expenditure and does not affect the fat fraction of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub J. van Eyk ◽  
Elisabeth H.M. Paiman ◽  
Maurice B. Bizino ◽  
Suzanne L. IJzermans ◽  
Fleur Kleiburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Fat Fraction

scholarly journals Cold and Exercise: Therapeutic Tools to Activate Brown Adipose Tissue and Combat Obesity

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmem Peres Valgas da Silva ◽  
Diego Hernández-Saavedra ◽  
Joseph White ◽  
Kristin Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose

The rise in obesity over the last several decades has reached pandemic proportions. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that is involved in energy expenditure and represents an attractive target to combat both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Cold exposure and exercise training are two stimuli that have been investigated with respect to BAT activation, metabolism, and the contribution of BAT to metabolic health. These two stimuli are of great interest because they have both disparate and converging effects on BAT activation and metabolism. Cold exposure is an effective mechanism to stimulate BAT activity and increase glucose and lipid uptake through mitochondrial uncoupling, resulting in metabolic benefits including elevated energy expenditure and increased insulin sensitivity. Exercise is a therapeutic tool that has marked benefits on systemic metabolism and affects several tissues, including BAT. Compared to cold exposure, studies focused on BAT metabolism and exercise display conflicting results; the majority of studies in rodents and humans demonstrate a reduction in BAT activity and reduced glucose and lipid uptake and storage. In addition to investigations of energy uptake and utilization, recent studies have focused on the effects of cold exposure and exercise on the structural lipids in BAT and secreted factors released from BAT, termed batokines. Cold exposure and exercise induce opposite responses in terms of structural lipids, but an important overlap exists between the effects of cold and exercise on batokines. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and differences of cold exposure and exercise in relation to their effects on BAT activity and metabolism and its relevance for the prevention of obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Melatonin Enhances the Mitochondrial Functionality of Brown Adipose Tissue in Obese—Diabetic Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Ahmad Agil ◽  
Miguel Navarro-Alarcon ◽  
Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali ◽  
Ashraf Albrakati ◽  
Diego Salagre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Zdf Rats

Developing novel drugs/targets remains a major effort toward controlling obesity-related type 2 diabetes (diabesity). Melatonin controls obesity and improves glucose homeostasis in rodents, mainly via the thermogenic effects of increasing the amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increases in mitochondrial mass, amount of UCP1 protein, and thermogenic capacity. Importantly, mitochondria are widely known as a therapeutic target of melatonin; however, direct evidence of melatonin on the function of mitochondria from BAT and the mechanistic pathways underlying these effects remains lacking. This study investigated the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial functions in BAT of Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which are considered a model of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At five weeks of age, Zücker lean (ZL) and ZDF rats were subdivided into two groups, consisting of control and treated with oral melatonin for six weeks. Mitochondria were isolated from BAT of animals from both groups, using subcellular fractionation techniques, followed by measurement of several mitochondrial parameters, including respiratory control ratio (RCR), phosphorylation coefficient (ADP/O ratio), ATP production, level of mitochondrial nitrites, superoxide dismutase activity, and alteration in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Interestingly, melatonin increased RCR in mitochondria from brown fat of both ZL and ZDF rats through the reduction of the proton leak component of respiration (state 4). In addition, melatonin improved the ADP/O ratio in obese rats and augmented ATP production in lean rats. Further, melatonin reduced mitochondrial nitrosative and oxidative status by decreasing nitrite levels and increasing superoxide dismutase activity in both groups, as well as inhibited mPTP in mitochondria isolated from brown fat. Taken together, the present data revealed that chronic oral administration of melatonin improved mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes, while decreasing oxidative and nitrosative stress and susceptibility of adipocytes to apoptosis in ZDF rats, suggesting a beneficial use in the treatment of diabesity. Further research regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of melatonin on diabesity is warranted.

Modulation of energy balance by fibroblast growth factor 21

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cuevas-Ramos ◽  
Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Brown Adipose

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a superfamily of 22 proteins related to cell proliferation and tissue repair after injury. A subgroup of three proteins, FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, are major endocrine mediators. These three FGFs have low affinity to heparin sulfate during receptor binding; in contrast they have a strong interaction with the cofactor Klotho/β-Klotho. FGF21 has received particular attention because of its key role in carbohydrate, lipids, and energy balance regulation. FGF21 improves glucose and lipids metabolism as well as increasing energy expenditure in animal models and humans. Conditions that induce human physical stress such as exercise, lactation, obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes influence FGF21 circulating levels. FGF21 also has an anti-oxidant function in human metabolic diseases which contribute to understanding the FGF21 compensatory increment in obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, energy expenditure and weight loss is induced by FGF21. The mechanism involved is through “browning” of white adipose tissue, increasing brown adipose tissue activity and heat production. Therefore, clinical evaluation of therapeutic action of exogenous FGF21 administration is warranted, particularly to treat diabetes and obesity.

Brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, angiogenesis: pathophysiological aspects

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Honek ◽  
Sharon Lim ◽  
Carina Fischer ◽  
Hideki Iwamoto ◽  
Takahiro Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

AbstractThe number of obese and overweight individuals is globally rising, and obesity-associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are among the most common causes of death. While white adipose tissue is the key player in the storage of energy, active brown adipose tissue expends energy due to its thermogenic capacity. Expanding and activating brown adipose tissue using pharmacological approaches therefore might offer an attractive possibility for therapeutic intervention to counteract obesity and its consequences for metabolic health.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Induced Brown Adipose Tissue and Amelioration of Diabetes in a Patient with Extreme Insulin Resistance

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C. Skarulis ◽  
Francesco S. Celi ◽  
Elisabetta Mueller ◽  
Marina Zemskova ◽  
Rana Malek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Context: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) found by positron emission/computed tomography (PET-CT) using flouro-deoxyglucose (FDG) is inducible by cold exposure in men. Factors leading to increased BAT are of great interest for its potential role in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Objective: We tested whether thyroid hormone (TH) levels are related to the volume and activity of BAT in a patient with a mutation in the insulin receptor gene. Design/Setting/Intervention: Our work was based on the case report of a patient in an observational study at the National Institutes of Health. Patient: The patient discontinued insulin and oral antidiabetics after thyroidectomy and suppressive-dose levothyroxine therapy for thyroid cancer. PET-CT uptake in BAT was confirmed by histology and molecular analysis. Outcomes: PET-CT studies were performed, and we measured hemoglobin A1c and resting energy expenditure before and after levothyroxine discontinuation for thyroid cancer testing. Molecular studies of BAT and white adipose samples are presented. Result: Supraclavicular and periumbilical sc adipose tissue demonstrated molecular features of BAT including uncoupling protein-1, type 2 deiodinase, and PR domain containing 16 by quantitative PCR. Activity of type 2 deiodinase activity was increased. The discontinuation of levothyroxine resulted in decreased FDG uptake and diminished volume of BAT depots accompanied by worsening of diabetic control. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the TH effect on BAT activity and volume in this patient and an association between BAT activity and glucose levels in this patient. Because the contribution of TH on skeletal muscle energy expenditure and fuel metabolism was not assessed, an association between BAT activity and glucose homeostasis can only be suggested.

scholarly journals Selective Impairment of Glucose but Not Fatty Acid or Oxidative Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 2388-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis P. Blondin ◽  
Sébastien M. Labbé ◽  
Christophe Noll ◽  
Margaret Kunach ◽  
Serge Phoenix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Selective Impairment

Human Brown Adipose Tissue Density Assessed by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Inversely Correlates with the Body Mass Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2080-P
Author(s):  
HIRONORI WAKI ◽  
NAOKO WATANABE ◽  
SAYURI FUSE ◽  
YUKO KUROSAWA ◽  
TOSHIMASA YAMAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Brown Adipose
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document