scholarly journals Population dietary salt reduction and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A scientific statement from the European Salt Action Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Cappuccio ◽  
M. Beer ◽  
P. Strazzullo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Action Network ◽  
Scientific Statement ◽  
Salt Action

scholarly journals Dietary Salt Reduction and Cardiovascular Disease Rates in India: A Mathematical Model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e44037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Basu ◽  
David Stuckler ◽  
Sukumar Vellakkal ◽  
Shah Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Disease Rates

Salt and high blood pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailesh Mohan ◽  
Norm R. C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
The World

HBP (high blood pressure) is the leading risk of death in the world. Unfortunately around the world, blood pressure levels are predicted to become even higher, especially in developing countries. High dietary salt is an important contributor to increased blood pressure. The present review evaluates the association between excess dietary salt intake and the importance of a population-based strategy to lower dietary salt, and also highlights some salt-reduction strategies from selected countries. Evidence from diverse sources spanning animal, epidemiology and human intervention studies demonstrate the association between salt intake and HBP. Furthermore, animal studies indicate that short-term interventions in humans may underestimate the health risks associated with high dietary sodium. Recent intervention studies have found decreases in cardiovascular events following reductions in dietary sodium. Salt intake is high in most countries and, therefore, strategies to lower salt intake could be an effective means to reduce the increasing burden of HBP and the associated cardiovascular disease. Effective collaborative partnerships between governments, the food industry, scientific organizations and healthcare organizations are essential to achieve the WHO (World Health Organization)-recommended population-wide decrease in salt consumption to less than 5 g/day. In the milieu of increasing cardiovascular disease worldwide, particularly in resource-constrained low- and middle-income countries, salt reduction is one of the most cost-effective strategies to combat the epidemic of HBP, associated cardiovascular disease and improve population health.

Dietary Salt Reduction Reduces Cardiovascular Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 66-66
Author(s):  
R. M. LeLeiko ◽  
N. S. LeLeiko
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction

scholarly journals Systematic review of dietary salt reduction policies: Evidence for an effectiveness hierarchy?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0177535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirije Hyseni ◽  
Alex Elliot-Green ◽  
Ffion Lloyd-Williams ◽  
Chris Kypridemos ◽  
Martin O’Flaherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction

scholarly journals Salt and cardiovascular disease in PURE: A large sample size cannot make up for erroneous estimations

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 147032031881001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Tan ◽  
Feng J He ◽  
Graham A MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Methodological Problems

The latest Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study claims that salt reduction should be confined to settings where its intake exceeds 12.7 g/day and that eating less than 11.1 g/day of salt could increase cardiovascular risk. More specifically, Mente et al. suggested that (a) salt intake was positively associated with stroke only when it exceeded 12.7 g/day, (b) salt intake was inversely associated with myocardial infarction and total mortality, and (c) these associations were largely independent of blood pressure. These provocative findings challenge the robust evidence on the role of salt reduction in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and call into question the World Health Organization’s global recommendation to reduce salt intake to less than 5 g/day. However, Mente et al.’s re-analysis of the PURE data has several severe methodological problems, including erroneous estimations of salt intake from a single spot urine using the problematic Kawasaki formula. As such, these implausible results cannot be used to refute the strong evidence supporting the benefits of salt reduction for the general population worldwide.

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