Complementary feeding and non communicable diseases: Current knowledge and future research needs

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M.E. Poskitt ◽  
J. Breda
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Complementary Feeding in Developed Countries: The 3 Ws (When, What, and Why?)

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Campoy ◽  
Daniel Campos ◽  
Tomás Cerdó ◽  
Estefanía Diéguez ◽  
José Antonio García-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

While a wide knowledge exists on the effects of breast milk or infant formula on growth and infant development, less attention has been paid to the importance of complementary feeding (CF). This review focuses on current recommendations for optimal introduction of CF in healthy full-term European infants and discusses the potential impact of this type of feeding on health outcomes. Overall, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended at least for 4 months and preferable for 6 months, followed by the introduction of CF alongside breast milk; infants’ nutrient requirements must meet the differences between nutrients provided by breast milk and the estimated total needs. There is growing evidence that healthy feeding practices during the CF period have positive short- and long-term effects on optimal growth, body composition, neurodevelopment, healthy food preferences, and gut microbiota composition and function; adequate and healthy CF may also diminish the risk of infections, allergies, type 1 diabetes mellitus, as well as celiac and non-communicable diseases. Following the expert recommendations, the design of nutritional strategies must encourage parents to provide a healthy lifestyle for their offspring. Future research should aim to optimize timing, content, and methods of CF; furthermore, it is necessary to explore future CF-targeted health-promoting strategies in early life (appetite regulation, eating patterns, eating behavior, gut dysbiosis, etc.) to prevent growth/obesity outcomes, immune system related-diseases or non-communicable diseases in later life.

THE INTERACTIONS OF VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN PEATLANDS AND MARSHES

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (S140) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry R. Murkin ◽  
Bruce D.J. Batt
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function

AbstractThis paper reviews the interactions of vertebrates and invertebrates in peatlands and marshes to assess current knowledge and future research needs. Living organisms may interact through a number of direct trophic and nutrient pathways and a variety of non-trophic, habitat-dependent relationships. Freshwater marshes and peatlands are dynamic aquatic environments and organisms that occupy these areas must be adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The avian community illustrates the main interactions of invertebrates and vertebrates in peatlands and marshes. Waterfowl, along with fish and furbearers, are the most economically important vertebrates using these habitats. Each of these groups has important trophic and habitat links to the invertebrates within wetlands.The most common interaction between vertebrates and invertebrates is the use of invertebrates as food by vertebrates. Few studies, however, have dealt with trophic dynamics or secondary production within wetlands. Waterfowl, fish, and many other wetland vertebrates, during all or part of their life cycles, regularly feed on invertebrates. Some invertebrates are vectors of disease and parasites to vertebrates. Vertebrates can directly affect the structural substrate that invertebrates depend on as habitat through consumption of macrophytes or through the use of living and dead plant material in the construction of houses and nests. Conversely, herbivorous invertebrates may directly affect the survival and distribution of macrophytes in wetlands. Macrophyte distribution, in turn, is an important factor in determining vertebrate use of wetlands. The general lack of both taxonomic and ecological information on invertebrates in wetlands is the main hindrance to future elucidation of vertebrate–invertebrate interactions in these environments. Development of invertebrate sampling techniques suitable for wetland habitats also is necessary. More specific research needs must be met to develop a better understanding of the structure and function of these dynamic systems.

Modeling Chronic Diseases in Relation to Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter van Baal ◽  
Hendriek Boshuizen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Multiple Chronic Diseases

In most countries, non-communicable diseases have taken over infectious diseases as the most important causes of death. Many non-communicable diseases that were previously lethal diseases have become chronic, and this has changed the healthcare landscape in terms of treatment and prevention options. Currently, a large part of healthcare spending is targeted at curing and caring for the elderly, who have multiple chronic diseases. In this context prevention plays an important role, as there are many risk factors amenable to prevention policies that are related to multiple chronic diseases. This article discusses the use of simulation modeling to better understand the relations between chronic diseases and their risk factors with the aim to inform health policy. Simulation modeling sheds light on important policy questions related to population aging and priority setting. The focus is on the modeling of multiple chronic diseases in the general population and how to consistently model the relations between chronic diseases and their risk factors by combining various data sources. Methodological issues in chronic disease modeling and how these relate to the availability of data are discussed. Here, a distinction is made between (a) issues related to the construction of the epidemiological simulation model and (b) issues related to linking outcomes of the epidemiological simulation model to economic relevant outcomes such as quality of life, healthcare spending and labor market participation. Based on this distinction, several simulation models are discussed that link risk factors to multiple chronic diseases in order to explore how these issues are handled in practice. Recommendations for future research are provided.

Effects of nano-enabled agricultural strategies on food quality: Current knowledge and future research needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 401 ◽  
pp. 123385
Author(s):  
Alejandra Gomez ◽  
Mahesh Narayan ◽  
Lijuan Zhao ◽  
Xiaorong Jia ◽  
Ricardo A. Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs

scholarly journals Online Newspaper Framing of Non-Communicable Diseases: Comparison of Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Chang ◽  
Peter J. Schulz ◽  
Angus Wenghin Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Online Newspaper ◽  
Stress Burden ◽  
The Way

As non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are now well recognized as the leading cause of mortality among adult populations worldwide, they are also increasingly the focus of media coverage. As such, the objective of this study is to describe the framing of NCDs in the coverage of newspapers, with the understanding that it says something about the society producing it. Automatic content analysis was employed to examine disease topics, risks, and cost consequences, thus providing lay people with a chance of learning the etiology of NCDs and information available for fighting diseases. The result of the computational method identified a total of 152,810 news articles with one of the seven supra-categories of NCDs. The category of metabolic diseases was covered most frequently in the past ten years. Three health risks received ample attention in all 11 newspapers: stress burden, tobacco use, and genetic predispositions. The results evidenced how media framed risk information of illnesses would distort the way in which diseases were selected, interpreted, and the outcome communicated. Future research building on our findings can further examine whether news framing affects the way the readers perceive and prevent NCDs.

scholarly journals Childhood body composition and BMI as a predictor of cardiometabolic non-communicable diseases in adulthood: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amela Bander ◽  
Alexia J Murphy-Alford ◽  
Victor O Owino ◽  
Cornelia U Loechl ◽  
Imara Gluning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Proxy Measure

There is growing evidence that childhood malnutrition is associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood and that body composition mediates some of this association. This review aims to determine: if childhood body composition can be used to predict later-life cardiometabolic NCDs; which measures of body composition best predict future NCDs. Three electronic databases were searched for studies where: children aged under 5 year had body composition measured; cardiometabolic health outcomes were measured a minimum of 10 years later. 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Though a poor proxy measure of body composition, Body mass index (BMI) was commonly reported (n=28, 97%). 25% of these studies included an additional measure (Ponderal Index or skinfold thickness). Only some studies adjusted for current body size (n=11, 39%). Many studies reported that low infant BMI and high childhood BMI increased the risk of NCD-related outcomes in later life but no conclusions can be made about exact timing of child malnutrition and consequent impact on NCD. Because studies focused on BMI rather than direct measures of body composition, nothing can be said about which measures of body composition in childhood are most useful. Future research on child nutrition and long-term outcomes is urgently needed and should include validated body composition assessments as well as standard anthropometric and BMI measurements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document