Model-insensitive approach to the cosmic ray primary mass composition deduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.I. Raikin ◽  
A.A. Lagutin ◽  
A.G. Tyumentsev
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Primary Mass

scholarly journals Study of muons from ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers measured with the Telescope Array experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
R. Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Number Of Particles

One of the uncertainties in ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observation derives from the hadronic interaction model used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. One may test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons observed at the ground from UHECR induced air showers with the MC prediction. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECRs by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays by utilizing an array of surface detectors (SDs) and fluorescence detectors. We studied muon densities in the UHE extensive air showers by analyzing the signal of TA SD stations for highly inclined showers. On condition that the muons contribute about 65% of the total signal, the number of particles from air showers is typically 1.88 ± 0.08 (stat.) ± 0.42 (syst.) times larger than the MC prediction with the QGSJET II-03 model for proton-induced showers. The same feature was also obtained for other hadronic interaction models, such as QGSJET II-04.

scholarly journals The Pierre Auger Observatory: Review of Latest Results and Perspectives

Universe ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Góra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Energy Limitation ◽  
Arrival Directions

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world’s largest operating detection system for the observation of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), with energies above 10 17 eV. The detector allows detailed measurements of the energy spectrum, mass composition and arrival directions of primary cosmic rays in the energy range above 10 17 eV. The data collected at the Auger Observatory over the last decade show the suppression of the cosmic ray flux at energies above 4 × 10 19 eV. However, it is still unclear if this suppression is caused by the energy limitation of their sources or by the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off. In such a case, UHECRs would interact with the microwave background (CMB), so that particles traveling long intergalactic distances could not have energies greater than 5 × 10 19 eV. The other puzzle is the origin of UHECRs. Some clues can be drawn from studying the distribution of their arrival directions. The recently observed dipole anisotropy has an orientation that indicates an extragalactic origin of UHECRs. The Auger surface detector array is also sensitive to showers due to ultra high energy neutrinos of all flavors and photons, and recent neutrino and photon limits provided by the Auger Observatory can constrain models of the cosmogenic neutrino production and exotic scenarios of the UHECRs origin, such as the decays of super heavy, non-standard-model particles. In this paper, the recent results on measurements of the energy spectrum, mass composition and arrival directions of cosmic rays, as well as future prospects are presented.

scholarly journals Measurements of UHECR Mass Composition by Telescope Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
William Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Second Moments ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Surface Detector

Telescope Array (TA) has recently published results of nearly nine years of Xmax observations providing its highest statistics measurement of ultra high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) mass composition to date for energies exceeding 1018.2 eV. This analysis measured agreement of observed data with results expected for four different single elements. Instead of relying only on the first and second moments of Xmax distributions, we employ a morphological test of agreement between data and Monte Carlo to allow for systematic uncertainties in data and in current UHECR hadronic models. Results of this latest analysis and implications of UHECR composition observed by TA are presented. TA can utilize different analysis methods to understand composition as both a crosscheck on results and as a tool to understand systematics affecting Xmax measurements. The different analysis efforts utilizing fluorescence detector stereo, surface detector and fluorescence detector hybrid, and surface detector-only, currently underway at TA performed to understand composition are also discussed.

scholarly journals Radio detection of cosmic rays with the Auger Engineering Radio Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Huege ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Radio Detection ◽  
Composition Measurements

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) complements the Pierre Auger Observatory with 150 radio-antenna stations measuring in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. With an instrumented area of 17 km2, the array constitutes the largest cosmic-ray radio detector built to date, allowing us to do multi-hybrid measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of 1017 eV up to several 1018 eV. We give an overview of AERA results and discuss the significance of radio detection for the validation of the energy scale of cosmicray detectors as well as for mass-composition measurements.

scholarly journals Methods to measure the cosmic-ray composition with the Auger Engineering Radio Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Canfora
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Depth ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Number Of Particles

The mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays plays a key role in the understanding of the origins ofthese rare particles. A composition-sensitive observable is the atmospheric depth at which the air shower reaches the maximum number of particles (Xmax). The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) detects the radio emission inthe 30-80 MHz frequency band from extensive air showers with energies larger than 1017 eV. It consists of more than 150 autonomous radio stations covering an area of about 17 km2. From the distribution of signals measured by the antennas, it is possible to estimate Xmax. In this contribution three independent methods for the estimation of Xmax will be presented.

scholarly journals Voyager Measurements of the Mass Composition of Cosmic‐Ray Ne, Mg, Si and S Nuclei

1997 ◽  
Vol 476 (2) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Webber ◽  
A. Lukasiak ◽  
F. B. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Mass Composition

scholarly journals Cosmic Ray Energy Spectra and Mass Composition at the Knee – Recent Results from KASCADE –

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. Kampert ◽  
T. Antoni ◽  
W.D. Apel ◽  
F. Badea ◽  
K. Bekk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Mass Composition
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