scholarly journals Extension of the JIMWLK equation in the low gluon density region

2005 ◽  
Vol 715 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 440-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Mueller ◽  
A.I. Shoshi ◽  
S.M.H. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Gluon Density ◽  
Density Region

The E-ring: interactions with plasma and implications for its evolution

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
T.V. Johnson ◽  
G.E. Morfill ◽  
E. Grun
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Orbit Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ring Particle ◽  
Ring Material

A number of lines of evidence suggest that the particles making up the E-ring are small, on the order of a few microns or less in size (Terrile and Tokunaga, 1980, BAAS; Pang et al., 1982 Saturn meeting; Tucson, AZ). This suggests that a variety of electromagnetic and plasma affects may be important in considering the history of such particles. We have shown (Morfill et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) that plasma drags forces from the corotating plasma will rapidly evolve E-ring particle orbits to increasing distance from Saturn until a point is reached where radiation drag forces acting to decrease orbital radius balance this outward acceleration. This occurs at approximately Rhea's orbit, although the exact value is subject to many uncertainties. The time scale for plasma drag to move particles from Enceladus' orbit to the outer E-ring is ~104yr. A variety of effects also act to remove particles, primarily sputtering by both high energy charged particles (Cheng et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) and corotating plasma (Morfill et al., 1982). The time scale for sputtering away one micron particles is also short, 102 - 10 yrs. Thus the detailed particle density profile in the E-ring is set by a competition between orbit evolution and particle removal. The high density region near Enceladus' orbit may result from the sputtering yeild of corotating ions being less than unity at this radius (e.g. Eviatar et al., 1982, Saturn meeting). In any case, an active source of E-ring material is required if the feature is not very ephemeral - Enceladus itself, with its geologically recent surface, appears still to be the best candidate for the ultimate source of E-ring material.

Estimating ink mileage of dry toners in electrophotography

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
RENMEI XU ◽  
CELESTE M. CALKINS
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption ◽  
S Model ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Film Weight

This work investigates the ink mileage of dry toners in electrophotography (EP). Four different substrates were printed on a dry-toner color production Xerox iGen3 EP press. The print layout contained patches with different cyan, magenta, yellow, and black tonal values from 10% to 100%. Toner amounts on cyan patches were measured using an analytical method. Printed patches and unprinted paper samples, as well as dry toners, were dissolved in concentrated nitric acid. The copper concentrations in the dissolved solutions were analyzed by a Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Analytical results were calculated to determine the toner amounts on paper for different tonal values. Their corresponding reflection densities were also measured. All data were plotted with OriginPro® 8 software, and four mathematical models were used for curve fitting. It was found that the C-S model fitted the experimental data of the two uncoated papers better than the other three models. None of the four models fitted the experimental data of the two coated papers, while the linear model was found to fit the data well. Linear fitting was the best in the practical density region for the two coated papers. Ink mileage curves obtained from curve fitting were used to estimate how much ink was required to achieve a target density for each paper; hence, the ink mileage was calculated. The highest ink mileage was 3.39 times the lowest ink mileage. The rougher the paper surface, the higher the requirement for ink film weight, and the lower ink mileage. No correlation was found between ink mileage and paper porosity.

scholarly journals Transport Coefficients of Hyperonic Neutron Star Cores

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Peter Shternin ◽  
Isaac Vidaña
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Transport Coefficients ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Nucleon Nucleon ◽  
Total Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Nucleon Force ◽  
Density Region

We consider transport properties of the hypernuclear matter in neutron star cores. In particular, we calculate the thermal conductivity, the shear viscosity, and the momentum transfer rates for npΣ−Λeμ composition of dense matter in β–equilibrium for baryon number densities in the range 0.1–1 fm−3. The calculations are based on baryon interactions treated within the framework of the non-relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory. Bare nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions are described by the Argonne v18 phenomenological potential supplemented with the Urbana IX three-nucleon force. Nucleon-hyperon (NY) and hyperon-hyperon (YY) interactions are based on the NSC97e and NSC97a models of the Nijmegen group. We find that the baryon contribution to transport coefficients is dominated by the neutron one as in the case of neutron star cores containing only nucleons. In particular, we find that neutrons dominate the total thermal conductivity over the whole range of densities explored and that, due to the onset of Σ− which leads to the deleptonization of the neutron star core, they dominate also the shear viscosity in the high density region, in contrast with the pure nucleonic case where the lepton contribution is always the dominant one.

scholarly journals Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliu Li ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Long Xia ◽  
Libing Yang ◽  
Weiguo Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
School Children ◽  
Characteristic Time ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Movement Characteristic ◽  
The Difference

AbstractCurrent codes for fire protection of buildings are mainly based on the movement of adults and neglect the movement characteristic of pre-school children. Having a profound comprehension of the difference between children and adults passing bottlenecks is of great help to improve the safety levels of preschool children. This paper presents an experimental study on the bottleneck flow of pre-school children in a room. The movement characteristics of children’s and adults’ bottleneck flow are investigated with two macroscopic properties: density and speed profiles as well as microscopic characteristic time: motion activation time, relaxation time, exit travel time and time gap. Arch-like density distributions are observed both for highly motivated children and adults, while the distance between the peak density region and the exit location is shorter for children and longer for adults. Children’s movement is less flexible manifested as longer motion activation time and longer relaxation time compared to that of adults. The findings from this study could enhance the understanding of crowd dynamics among the children population and provide supports for the scientific building design for children’s facilities.

scholarly journals A numerical study of gravity-driven instability in strongly coupled dusty plasma. Part 1. Rayleigh–Taylor instability and buoyancy-driven instability

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram S. Dharodi ◽  
Amita Das
Keyword(s):  
Dusty Plasma ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Rising Bubble ◽  
Inhomogeneous Density ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Strongly Coupled Dusty Plasma

Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) and buoyancy-driven (BD) instabilities are driven by gravity in a fluid system with inhomogeneous density. The paper investigates these instabilities for a strongly coupled dusty plasma medium. This medium has been represented here in the framework of the generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) fluid model which treats it as a viscoelastic medium. The incompressible limit of the GHD model is considered here. The RT instability is explored both for gradual and sharp density gradients stratified against gravity. The BD instability is discussed by studying the evolution of a rising bubble (a localized low-density region) and a falling droplet (a localized high-density region) in the presence of gravity. Since both the rising bubble and falling droplet have symmetry in spatial distribution, we observe that a falling droplet process is equivalent to a rising bubble. We also find that both the gravity-driven instabilities get suppressed with increasing coupling strength of the medium. These observations have been illustrated analytically as well as by carrying out two-dimensional nonlinear simulations. Part 2 of this paper is planned to extend the present study of the individual evolution of a bubble and a droplet to their combined evolution in order to understand the interaction between them.

scholarly journals The Little-Bang and the femto-nova in nucleus-nucleus collisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nu Xu ◽  
Kenji Fukushima ◽  
Bedangadas Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Collision Energy ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Baryon Density ◽  
Point Particle ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Qcd Critical Point ◽  
Qcd Phase Diagram ◽  
Lower Collision Energy

AbstractWe make a theoretical and experimental summary of the state-of-the-art status of hot and dense QCD matter studies on selected topics. We review the Beam Energy Scan program for the QCD phase diagram and present the current status of the search for the QCD critical point, particle production in high baryon density region, hypernuclei production, and global polarization effects in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The available experimental data in the strangeness sector suggests that a grand canonical approach in the thermal model at high collision energy makes a transition to the canonical ensemble behavior at low energy. We further discuss future prospects of nuclear collisions to probe properties of baryon-rich matter. Creation of a quark-gluon plasma at high temperature and low baryon density has been called the “Little-Bang” and, analogously, a femtometer-scale explosion of baryon-rich matter at lower collision energy could be called the “femto-nova”, which could possibly sustain substantial vorticity and a magnetic field for non-head-on collisions.

scholarly journals Measurement of meson cross sections at HERA and determination of the gluon density in the proton using NLO QCD

1999 ◽  
Vol 545 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 21-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Adloff ◽  
M. Anderson ◽  
V. Andreev ◽  
B. Andrieu ◽  
V. Arkadov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Gluon Density

Field-induced superconductivity in MoS2

2013 ◽  
Vol 1549 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Y. J. Zhang ◽  
J. T. Ye ◽  
Y. Iwasa
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Density ◽  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Superconducting Phase ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
Charge Accumulation ◽  
Density Region ◽  
2D Semiconductors ◽  
Type Conduction

ABSTRACTWe fabricated MoS2 transistor adopting electric double layer (EDL) as gate dielectric. So far, EDL has realized p-type conducting MoS2 in addition to well-known n-type conduction showing ambipolar operation. In our study, field-effect superconducting transition of MoS2 was realized with maximum TC around 10 K. This TC is the highest not only within MoS2 compounds but also among whole TMDs. The highest TC discovered in this study lies in the carrier density region much smaller than chemically investigated region. Such compounds with small doping level have never been successfully synthesized by chemical method. Furthermore, by combining HfO2 (typical high-k material for FETs) gating with EDL gating, continuous control of carrier density, and thus quantum phase, was demonstrated. As a result, we successfully obtained the phase diagram of MoS2. Interestingly, the TC exhibits strong carrier density dependence, showing dome-shaped superconducting phase. Superconducting dome in other materials than cuprates has been reported only a few times in doped 2D semiconductors. Since FET charge accumulation is basically two dimensional, our result implies the existence of common mechanism for superconducting dome in 2D band insulators.

Quartetting in Fermionic Matter and Alpha-Particle Condensation in Nuclear Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (31n33) ◽  
pp. 2513-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Röpke ◽  
P. Schuck
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Matter ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Mean Field Approximation ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Nuclear Matter Density ◽  
Nuclear Systems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Finite Nuclei

Quantum condensates in nuclear matter are treated beyond the mean-field approximation, with the inclusion of cluster formation. The occurrence of a separate binding pole in the four-particle propagator in nuclear matter is investigated with respect to the formation of a condensate of α-like particles (quartetting), which is dependent on temperature and density. Due to Pauli blocking, the formation of an α-like condensate is limited to the low-density region. Consequences for finite nuclei are considered. In particular, excitations of self-conjugate 2n-Z–2n-N nuclei near the n-α-breakup threshold are candidates for quartetting. We review some results and discuss their consequences. Exploratory calculations are performed for the density dependence of the α condensate fraction at zero temperature to address the suppression of the four-particle condensate below nuclear-matter density.

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