scholarly journals QCD Effective action at high temperature and small chemical potential

2007 ◽  
Vol 785 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 238-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Villavicencio ◽  
E.S. Fraga
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Small Chemical

scholarly journals A 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Cardy Formula

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonho Kim ◽  
Seok Kim ◽  
Jaewon Song
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Superconformal Index ◽  
High Temperature Limit ◽  
Cardy Formula

Abstract We study the asymptotic behavior of the (modified) superconformal index for 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 gauge theory. By considering complexified chemical potential, we find that the ‘high-temperature limit’ of the index can be written in terms of the conformal anomalies 3c − 2a. We also find macroscopic entropy from our asymptotic free energy when the Hofman-Maldacena bound 1/2 < a/c < 3/2 for the interacting SCFT is satisfied. We study $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 theories that are dual to AdS5 × Yp,p and find that the Cardy limit of our index accounts for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of large black holes.

scholarly journals More on complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev eternal wormholes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Specific Charge ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Small Coupling ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Quench Dynamics ◽  
Two Sides

Abstract In this work, we study a generalization of the coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model with U(1) charge conservations. The model contains two copies of the complex SYK model at different chemical potentials, coupled by a direct hopping term. In the zero-temperature and small coupling limit with small averaged chemical potential, the ground state is an eternal wormhole connecting two sides, with a specific charge Q = 0, which is equivalent to a thermofield double state. We derive the conformal Green’s functions and determine corresponding IR parameters. At higher chemical potential, the system transit into the black hole phase. We further derive the Schwarzian effective action and study its quench dynamics. Finally, we compare numerical results with the analytical predictions.

scholarly journals Gluodynamics and deconfinement phase transition under rotation from holography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Chen ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Danning Li ◽  
Defu Hou ◽  
Mei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Entropy Density ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Trace Anomaly ◽  
Holographic Qcd ◽  
Deconfinement Phase Transition ◽  
Small Chemical

Abstract We investigate rotating effect on deconfinement phase transition in an Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) model in bottom-up holographic QCD approach. By constructing a rotating black hole, which is supposed to be dual to rotating strongly coupled nuclear matter, we investigate the thermodynamic quantities, including entropy density, pressure, energy density, trace anomaly, sound speed and specific heat for both pure gluon system and two-flavor system under rotation. It is shown that those thermodynamic quantities would be enhanced by large angular velocity. Also, we extract the information of phase transition from those thermodynamic quantities, as well as the order parameter of deconfinement phase transition, i.e. the loop operators. It is shown that, in the T − ω plane, for two-flavor case with small chemical potential, the phase transition is always crossover. The transition temperature decreases slowly with angular velocity and chemical potential. For pure gluon system with zero chemical potential, the phase transition is always first order, while at finite chemical potential a critical end point (CEP) will present in the T − ω plane.

Reliability Implications of Defects in High Temperature Annealed Si/SiO2/Si Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Warren ◽  
D. M. Fleetwood ◽  
M. R. Shaneyfelt ◽  
P. S. Winokur ◽  
R. A. B. Devine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Paramagnetic Defect ◽  
Chemical Potential Difference ◽  
Hole Trapping

ABSTRACTHigh-temperature post-oxidation annealing of poly-Si/SiO2/Si structures such as metal-oxidesemiconductor capacitors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors is known to result in enhanced radiation sensitivity, increased 1/f noise, and low field breakdown. We have studied the origins of these effects from a spectroscopic standpoint using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and atomic force microscopy. One result of high temperature annealing is the generation of three types of paramagnetic defect centers, two of which are associated with the oxide close to the Si/SiO2 interface (oxygen-vacancy centers) and the third with the bulk Si substrate (oxygen-related donors). In all three cases the origin of the defects may be attributed to out-diffusion of O from the SiO2 network into the Si substrate with associated reduction of the oxide. We present a straightforward model for the interfacial region which assumes the driving force for O out-diffusion is the chemical potential difference of the O in the two phases (SiO2 and the Si substrate). Experimental evidence is provided to show that enhanced hole trapping and interface-trap and border-trap generation in irradiated high-temperature annealed Si/SiO2/Si systems are all related either directly, or indirectly, to the presence of oxygen vacancies.

The emission spectroscopy of some elements in high-temperature flames

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Pištěková ◽  
Jaroslav Jambor ◽  
Vítězslav Otruba ◽  
Lumír Sommer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Chemical Interference ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Small Chemical

The emission of atoms of a large number of elements in laminar high-temperature acetylene-N2O, H2-N2O, H2-O2, acetylene-air, and H2-air flames was studied; of these the most suitable are flame mixtures containing N2O. Methods were developed for determining Ca, Sr, Ba, for Cu, Cr, Mn and Ni in steels and for Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in aluminium alloys using an acetylene-N2O flame. A small chemical interference for the matrix elements was found provided that a monochromator with good resolution and with a small amount of scattered light was employed. These conditions are fulfilled by most modern atomic absorption instruments with which comparable results are obtained.

Void Formation in the Growing Scale Induced by the Divergence of the Diffusive Ionic Flux in High Temperature Oxidation of Metals

2009 ◽  
Vol 289-292 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Maruyama ◽  
Mitsutoshi Ueda ◽  
Kenichi Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Ionic Flux ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Ionic Fluxes ◽  
Formation Behavior

Voids are frequently generated and dispersed in oxide scales formed in high temperature oxidation of metals. The divergence of ionic flux may play an important role in the void formation in a growing scale. Kinetic equations were derived for describing chemical potential distribution, ionic fluxes and their divergence in the scale. The divergence was found to be the measure of void formation. Defect chemistry in scales is directly related to the sign of divergence and gives an indication of the void formation behavior. The quantitative estimation on the void formation was successfully applied to a growing magnetite scale in high temperature oxidation of iron at 823 K.

scholarly journals Degradation Issues in Solid Oxide Cells During High Temperature Electrolysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sohal ◽  
J. E. O’Brien ◽  
C. M. Stoots ◽  
V. I. Sharma ◽  
B. Yildiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is performing high-temperature electrolysis research to generate hydrogen using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The project goals are to address the technical and degradation issues associated with the SOECs. This paper provides a summary of various ongoing INL and INL sponsored activities aimed at addressing SOEC degradation. These activities include stack testing, post-test examination, degradation modeling, and a list of issues that need to be addressed in future. Major degradation issues relating to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are relatively better understood than those for SOECs. Some of the degradation mechanisms in SOFCs include contact problems between adjacent cell components, microstructural deterioration (coarsening) of the porous electrodes, and blocking of the reaction sites within the electrodes. Contact problems include delamination of an electrode from the electrolyte, growth of a poorly (electronically) conducting oxide layer between the metallic interconnect plates and the electrodes, and lack of contact between the interconnect and the electrode. INL’s test results on high temperature electrolysis (HTE) using solid oxide cells do not provide clear evidence of whether different events lead to similar or drastically different electrochemical degradation mechanisms. Post-test examination of the solid oxide electrolysis cells showed that the hydrogen electrode and interconnect get partially oxidized and become nonconductive. This is most likely caused by the hydrogen stream composition and flow rate during cool down. The oxygen electrode side of the stacks seemed to be responsible for the observed degradation due to large areas of electrode delamination. Based on the oxygen electrode appearance, the degradation of these stacks was largely controlled by the oxygen electrode delamination rate. Virkar and co-workers have developed a SOEC model based on concepts in local thermodynamic equilibrium in systems otherwise in global thermodynamic nonequilibrium. This model is under continued development. It shows that electronic conduction through the electrolyte, however small, must be taken into account for determining local oxygen chemical potential, within the electrolyte. The chemical potential within the electrolyte may lie out of bounds in relation to values at the electrodes in the electrolyzer mode. Under certain conditions, high pressures can develop in the electrolyte just under the oxygen electrode (anode)/electrolyte interface, leading to electrode delamination. This theory is being further refined and tested by introducing some electronic conduction in the electrolyte.

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