scholarly journals Purkinje Cells Directly Inhibit Granule Cells in Specialized Regions of the Cerebellar Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1330-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Guo ◽  
Laurens Witter ◽  
Stephanie Rudolph ◽  
Hunter L. Elliott ◽  
Katelin A. Ennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Granule Cells

scholarly journals Cerebellar nuclei excitatory neurons regulate developmental scaling of presynaptic Purkinje cell number and organ growth

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T Willett ◽  
N Sumru Bayin ◽  
Andrew S Lee ◽  
Anjana Krishnamurthy ◽  
Alexandre Wojcinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Scaling Down

For neural systems to function effectively, the numbers of each cell type must be proportioned properly during development. We found that conditional knockout of the mouse homeobox genes En1 and En2 in the excitatory cerebellar nuclei neurons (eCN) leads to reduced postnatal growth of the cerebellar cortex. A subset of medial and intermediate eCN are lost in the mutants, with an associated cell non-autonomous loss of their presynaptic partner Purkinje cells by birth leading to proportional scaling down of neuron production in the postnatal cerebellar cortex. Genetic killing of embryonic eCN throughout the cerebellum also leads to loss of Purkinje cells and reduced postnatal growth but throughout the cerebellar cortex. Thus, the eCN play a key role in scaling the size of the cerebellum by influencing the survival of their Purkinje cell partners, which in turn regulate production of granule cells and interneurons via the amount of sonic hedgehog secreted.

Cerebellar cortex

2020 ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Edmund T. Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Synaptic Depression ◽  
Climbing Fibre ◽  
Regular Sampling

The cerebellar cortex appears to be involved in predictive feedforward control to generate smooth movements. There is a beautiful network architecture which suggests that the granule cells perform expansion recoding of the inputs; that these connect to the Purkinje cells via an architecture that ensures regular sampling; and that each Purkinje cell has a single teacher, the climbing fibre, which produces associative long-term synaptic depression as part of perceptron-like learning.

scholarly journals Gradients in the mammalian cerebellar cortex enable Fourier-like transformation and improve storing capacity

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Straub ◽  
Laurens Witter ◽  
Abdelmoneim Eshra ◽  
Miriam Hoidis ◽  
Niklas Byczkowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Functional Consequences

Cerebellar granule cells (GCs) make up the majority of all neurons in the vertebrate brain, but heterogeneities among GCs and potential functional consequences are poorly understood. Here, we identified unexpected gradients in the biophysical properties of GCs in mice. GCs closer to the white matter (inner-zone GCs) had higher firing thresholds and could sustain firing with larger current inputs than GCs closer to the Purkinje cell layer (outer-zone GCs). Dynamic Clamp experiments showed that inner- and outer-zone GCs preferentially respond to high- and low-frequency mossy fiber inputs, respectively, enabling dispersion of the mossy fiber input into its frequency components as performed by a Fourier transformation. Furthermore, inner-zone GCs have faster axonal conduction velocity and elicit faster synaptic potentials in Purkinje cells. Neuronal network modeling revealed that these gradients improve spike-timing precision of Purkinje cells and decrease the number of GCs required to learn spike-sequences. Thus, our study uncovers biophysical gradients in the cerebellar cortex enabling a Fourier-like transformation of mossy fiber inputs.

scholarly journals Gradients in the cerebellar cortex enable Fourier-like transformation and improve storing capacity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Straub ◽  
Laurens Witter ◽  
Abdelmoneim Eshra ◽  
Miriam Hoidis ◽  
Niklas Byczkowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Functional Consequences

AbstractCerebellar granule cells (GCs) making up majority of all the neurons in the vertebrate brain, but heterogeneities among GCs and potential functional consequences are poorly understood. Here, we identified unexpected gradients in the biophysical properties of GCs. GCs closer to the white matter (inner-zone GCs) had higher firing thresholds and could sustain firing with larger current inputs. Dynamic clamp experiments showed that inner- and outer-zone GCs preferentially respond to high- and low-frequency mossy fiber inputs, respectively, enabling to disperse the mossy fiber input into its frequency components as performed by a Fourier transformation. Furthermore, inner-zone GCs have faster axonal conduction velocity and elicit faster synaptic potentials in Purkinje cells. Neuronal network modeling revealed that these gradients improve spike-timing precision of Purkinje cells and decrease the number of GCs required to learn spike-sequences. Thus, our study uncovers biophysical gradients in the cerebellar cortex enabling a Fourier-like transformation of mossy fiber inputs.

Ultrasturcture of cerebellar cells and neuropil in rats subjected to partial global cerebral ischemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
R.V.W. Dimlich ◽  
M.H. Biros
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Forebrain Ischemia ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Cerebellar Cells

Although a previous study in this laboratory determined that Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum did not appear to be damaged following 30 min of forebrain ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion, it was suggested that an increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and/or polysomes had occurred in these cells. The primary objective of the present study was to morphometrically determine whether or not this increase had occurred. In addition, since there is substantial evidence that glial cells may be affected by ischemia earlier than other cell types, glial cells also were examined. To ascertain possible effects on other cerebellar components, granule cells and neuropil near Purkinje cells as well as neuropil in the molecular layer also were evaluated in this investigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document