scholarly journals Fusion Competent Synaptic Vesicles Persist upon Active Zone Disruption and Loss of Vesicle Docking

Neuron ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Shan H. Wang ◽  
Richard G. Held ◽  
Man Yan Wong ◽  
Changliang Liu ◽  
Aziz Karakhanyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Zone ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Vesicle Docking

scholarly journals RIM-BP2 primes synaptic vesicles via recruitment of Munc13-1 at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa M Brockmann ◽  
Marta Maglione ◽  
Claudia G Willmes ◽  
Alexander Stumpf ◽  
Boris A Bouazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Zone ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Vesicle Docking ◽  
Vesicular Release ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Presynaptic Protein ◽  
Determinant Factor

All synapses require fusion-competent vesicles and coordinated Ca2+-secretion coupling for neurotransmission, yet functional and anatomical properties are diverse across different synapse types. We show that the presynaptic protein RIM-BP2 has diversified functions in neurotransmitter release at different central murine synapses and thus contributes to synaptic diversity. At hippocampal pyramidal CA3-CA1 synapses, RIM-BP2 loss has a mild effect on neurotransmitter release, by only regulating Ca2+-secretion coupling. However, at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses, RIM-BP2 has a substantial impact on neurotransmitter release by promoting vesicle docking/priming and vesicular release probability via stabilization of Munc13-1 at the active zone. We suggest that differences in the active zone organization may dictate the role a protein plays in synaptic transmission and that differences in active zone architecture is a major determinant factor in the functional diversity of synapses.

scholarly journals Nanoscale dynamics of synaptic vesicle trafficking and fusion at the presynaptic active zone

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirumalini Vaithianathan ◽  
Diane Henry ◽  
Wendy Akmentin ◽  
Gary Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Active Zone ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Macromolecular Complex ◽  
Synaptic Ribbon ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Specialized Structure

The cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) is a macromolecular complex that facilitates the supply of release-ready synaptic vesicles to support neurotransmitter release at synapses. To reveal the dynamics of this supply process in living synapses, we used super-resolution imaging to track single vesicles at voltage-clamped presynaptic terminals of retinal bipolar neurons, whose CAZ contains a specialized structure—the synaptic ribbon—that supports both fast, transient and slow, sustained modes of transmission. We find that the synaptic ribbon serves a dual function as a conduit for diffusion of synaptic vesicles and a platform for vesicles to fuse distal to the plasma membrane itself, via compound fusion. The combination of these functions allows the ribbon-type CAZ to achieve the continuous transmitter release required by synapses of neurons that carry tonic, graded visual signals in the retina.

scholarly journals Carboxypeptidase E cytoplasmic tail mediates localization of synaptic vesicles to the pre-active zone in hypothalamic pre-synaptic terminals

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 886-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lou ◽  
Joshua J. Park ◽  
Niamh X. Cawley ◽  
Annahita Sarcon ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Zone ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Cytoplasmic Tail ◽  
Carboxypeptidase E ◽  
Synaptic Terminals

scholarly journals Complexin cooperates with Bruchpilot to tether synaptic vesicles to the active zone cytomatrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Scholz ◽  
Nadine Ehmann ◽  
Divya Sachidanandan ◽  
Cordelia Imig ◽  
Benjamin H. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Unknown Protein ◽  
Transmission Part ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
In Vivo Screen

Information processing by the nervous system depends on neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles (SVs) at the presynaptic active zone. Molecular components of the cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) regulate the final stages of the SV cycle preceding exocytosis and thereby shape the efficacy and plasticity of synaptic transmission. Part of this regulation is reflected by a physical association of SVs with filamentous CAZ structures via largely unknown protein interactions. The very C-terminal region of Bruchpilot (Brp), a key component of the Drosophila melanogaster CAZ, participates in SV tethering. Here, we identify the conserved SNARE regulator Complexin (Cpx) in an in vivo screen for molecules that link the Brp C terminus to SVs. Brp and Cpx interact genetically and functionally. Both proteins promote SV recruitment to the Drosophila CAZ and counteract short-term synaptic depression. Analyzing SV tethering to active zone ribbons of cpx3 knockout mice supports an evolutionarily conserved role of Cpx upstream of SNARE complex assembly.

Active zone assembly and synaptic release

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Kittel ◽  
S. Hallermann ◽  
S. Thomsen ◽  
C. Wichmann ◽  
S.J. Sigrist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Vesicle Release ◽  
Synaptic Release ◽  
Voltage Gated Calcium Channels ◽  
Presynaptic Calcium ◽  
Chemical Synapses

Neurotransmitter release at chemical synapses occurs when synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic membrane at a specialized site termed the active zone. The depolarization-induced fusion is highly dependent on calcium ions, and, correspondingly, the transmission characteristics of synapses are thought to be influenced by the spatial arrangement of voltage-gated calcium channels with respect to vesicle release sites. Here, we review the involvement of the Drosophila Bruchpilot (BRP) protein in active zone assembly, a process that is required for the clustering of presynaptic calcium channels to ensure efficient vesicle release.

Neurotransmitter Release

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Fusion Pore ◽  
Synaptic Membrane ◽  
Specialized Region ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle Fusion

The biochemical and physiological processes of neurotransmitter release from an active zone, a specialized region of synaptic membrane, are examined. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are docked at the active zone and then primed for release by SNARE complexes that bring them into extreme proximity to the plasma membrane. Entry of calcium ions through voltage-gated calcium channels triggers synaptic vesicle fusion with the synaptic terminal membrane and the consequent diffusion of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Release results when the fusion pore bridging the synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane widens and neurotransmitter from the inside of the synaptic vesicle diffuses into the synaptic cleft. Membrane from the active zone membrane is endocytosed, and synaptic vesicle proteins are then reassembled into recycled synaptic vesicles, allowing for more rounds of neurotransmitter release.

scholarly journals Fife organizes synaptic vesicles and calcium channels for high-probability neurotransmitter release

2016 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Bruckner ◽  
Hong Zhan ◽  
Scott J. Gratz ◽  
Monica Rao ◽  
Fiona Ukken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Circuit Function ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle Release ◽  
Ca2 Channels

The strength of synaptic connections varies significantly and is a key determinant of communication within neural circuits. Mechanistic insight into presynaptic factors that establish and modulate neurotransmitter release properties is crucial to understanding synapse strength, circuit function, and neural plasticity. We previously identified Drosophila Piccolo-RIM-related Fife, which regulates neurotransmission and motor behavior through an unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that Fife localizes and interacts with RIM at the active zone cytomatrix to promote neurotransmitter release. Loss of Fife results in the severe disruption of active zone cytomatrix architecture and molecular organization. Through electron tomographic and electrophysiological studies, we find a decrease in the accumulation of release-ready synaptic vesicles and their release probability caused by impaired coupling to Ca2+ channels. Finally, we find that Fife is essential for the homeostatic modulation of neurotransmission. We propose that Fife organizes active zones to create synaptic vesicle release sites within nanometer distance of Ca2+ channel clusters for reliable and modifiable neurotransmitter release.

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