scholarly journals Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell Types that Are Countermodulated by Metabotropic Receptors

Neuron ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin R. Graves ◽  
Shannon J. Moore ◽  
Erik B. Bloss ◽  
Brett D. Mensh ◽  
William L. Kath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Metabotropic Receptors ◽  
Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Distinct Cell

scholarly journals Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell Types that Are Countermodulated by Metabotropic Receptors

Neuron ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Austin R. Graves ◽  
Shannon J. Moore ◽  
Erik B. Bloss ◽  
Brett D. Mensh ◽  
William L. Kath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Metabotropic Receptors ◽  
Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Distinct Cell

scholarly journals Cation-chloride cotransporters and the polarity of GABA signaling in mouse hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Otsu ◽  
Florian Donneger ◽  
Eric J Schwartz ◽  
Jean Christophe Poncer
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Postsynaptic Response ◽  
Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Parvalbumin Interneurons ◽  
Gaba Signaling ◽  
Cation Chloride Cotransporters ◽  
Chloride Regulation

AbstractTransmembrane chloride gradients govern the efficacy and polarity of GABA signaling in neurons and are usually maintained by the activity of cation chloride cotransporters, such as KCC2 and NKCC1. Whereas their role is well established in cortical principal neurons, it remains poorly documented in GABAergic interneurons. We used complementary electrophysiological approaches to compare the effects of GABAAR activation in adult mouse hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons (PV INs) and pyramidal cells (PCs). Loose cell attached, tight-seal and gramicidin-perforated patch recordings all show GABAAR-mediated transmission is slightly depolarizing and yet inhibitory in both PV INs and PCs. Focal GABA uncaging in whole-cell recordings reveal that KCC2 and NKCC1 are functional in both PV INs and PCs but differentially contribute to transmembrane chloride gradients in their soma and dendrites. Blocking KCC2 function depolarizes the reversal potential of GABAAR-mediated currents in PV INs and PCs, often beyond firing threshold, showing KCC2 is essential to maintain the inhibitory effect of GABAARs. Finally, we show that repetitive 10 Hz activation of GABAARs in both PV INs and PCs leads to a progressive decline of the postsynaptic response independently of the ion flux direction or KCC2 function. This suggests intraneuronal chloride buildup may not predominantly contribute to activity-dependent plasticity of GABAergic synapses in this frequency range. Altogether our data demonstrate similar mechanisms of chloride regulation in mouse hippocampal PV INs and PCs and suggest KCC2 downregulation in the pathology may affect the valence of GABA signaling in both cell types.Key point summaryCation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) play a critical role in controlling the efficacy and polarity of GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-mediated transmission in the brain, yet their expression and function in GABAergic interneurons has been overlooked.We compared the polarity of GABA signaling and the function of CCCs in mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons.Under resting conditions, GABAAR activation was mostly depolarizing and yet inhibitory in both cell types. KCC2 blockade further depolarized the reversal potential of GABAAR-mediated currents often above action potential threshold.However, during repetitive GABAAR activation, the postsynaptic response declined independently of the ion flux direction or KCC2 function, suggesting intracellular chloride buildup is not responsible for this form of plasticity.Our data demonstrate similar mechanisms of chloride regulation in mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin interneurons.

scholarly journals Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell Types with Indistinguishable Visual Responses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0144012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Crockett ◽  
Nathaniel Wright ◽  
Stephen Thornquist ◽  
Michael Ariel ◽  
Ralf Wessel
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Dorsal Cortex ◽  
Distinct Cell

Fine Structure of the Malpighian Tubules of the Mosquito, Culex pipiens

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
Brendan Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Basal Plasma

An ultrastructural investigation of the Malpighian tubules of the fourth instar larva of Culex pipiens was undertaken as part of a continuing study of the fine structure of transport epithelia.Each of the five Malpighian tubules was found to be morphologically identical and regionally undifferentiated. Two distinct cell types, the primary and stellate, were found intermingled along the length of each tubule. The ultrastructure of the stellate cell was previously described in the Malpighian tubule of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala by Berridge and Oschman.The basal plasma membrane of the primary cell is extremely irregular, giving rise to a complex interconnecting network of basal channels. The compartments of cytoplasm entrapped within this system of basal infoldings contain mitochondria, free ribosomes, and small amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The mitochondria are distinctive in that the cristae run parallel to the long axis of the organelle.

scholarly journals Control of impulsivity by Gi-protein signalling in layer-5 pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastiaan van der Veen ◽  
Sampath K. T. Kapanaiah ◽  
Kasyoka Kilonzo ◽  
Peter Steele-Perkins ◽  
Martin M. Jendryka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

AbstractPathological impulsivity is a debilitating symptom of multiple psychiatric diseases with few effective treatment options. To identify druggable receptors with anti-impulsive action we developed a systematic target discovery approach combining behavioural chemogenetics and gene expression analysis. Spatially restricted inhibition of three subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex of mice revealed that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regulates premature responding, a form of motor impulsivity. Probing three G-protein cascades with designer receptors, we found that the activation of Gi-signalling in layer-5 pyramidal cells (L5-PCs) of the ACC strongly, reproducibly, and selectively decreased challenge-induced impulsivity. Differential gene expression analysis across murine ACC cell-types and 402 GPCRs revealed that - among Gi-coupled receptor-encoding genes - Grm2 is the most selectively expressed in L5-PCs while alternative targets were scarce. Validating our approach, we confirmed that mGluR2 activation reduced premature responding. These results suggest Gi-coupled receptors in ACC L5-PCs as therapeutic targets for impulse control disorders.

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