LXR and TSPO as new therapeutic targets to increase the levels of neuroactive steroids in the central nervous system of diabetic animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Mitro ◽  
Gaia Cermenati ◽  
Silvia Giatti ◽  
Federico Abbiati ◽  
Marzia Pesaresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
New Therapeutic Targets

scholarly journals A Review of the Complex Roles of Glial Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease and Potential Glial-Oriented Therapeutic Targets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Shahriar Rahman Nirzhor ◽  
Rubayat Islam Khan ◽  
Sharmind Neelotpol
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is very complicated and not well-understood. As more and more studies are performed with regards to this disease, new insights are coming to light. Much of the research in AD so far has been very neuron-oriented however, recent studies suggest that certain glial cells i.e. microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and NG2 glia are linked to the pathogenesis of AD and may offer several potential therapeutic targets in the long-standing battle against AD. Glial cells are responsible for maintaining homeostasis (i.e. concentration of ions and neurotransmitters) within the neuronal environment of the central nervous system (CNS) and are crucial to the integrity of neurons. This review explores the (1) role of glial cells in AD pathogenesis, (2) complex functionalities of the components involved and (3) potential therapeutic targets that it could eventuate leading to a better quality of life for AD patients.

scholarly journals Protective Actions of 17β-Estradiol and Progesterone on Oxidative Neuronal Injury Induced by Organometallic Compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Ishihara ◽  
Takuya Takemoto ◽  
Atsuhiko Ishida ◽  
Takeshi Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuroprotective Actions ◽  
Pass Through

Steroid hormones synthesized in and secreted from peripheral endocrine glands pass through the blood-brain barrier and play a role in the central nervous system. In addition, the brain possesses an inherent endocrine system and synthesizes steroid hormones known as neurosteroids. Increasing evidence shows that neuroactive steroids protect the central nervous system from various harmful stimuli. Reports show that the neuroprotective actions of steroid hormones attenuate oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the antioxidative effects of neuroactive steroids, especially 17β-estradiol and progesterone, on neuronal injury in the central nervous system under various pathological conditions, and then describe our recent findings concerning the neuroprotective actions of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on oxidative neuronal injury induced by organometallic compounds, tributyltin, and methylmercury.

scholarly journals Herbal Compounds Play a Role in Neuroprotection through the Inhibition of Microglial Activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Fu ◽  
Jianmei Yang ◽  
Xingyu Wang ◽  
Pin Yang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Since microglia possess both neuroprotective and neurotoxic potential, they play a crucial role in the central nervous system (CNS). Excessive microglial activation induces inflammation-mediated neuronal damage and degeneration. At present, numerous herbal compounds are able to suppress neurotoxicity via inhibiting microglial activation. Therefore, many researchers focus on pharmacological inhibitors of microglial activation to ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders. Further work should concentrate on the exploration of new herbal compounds, which characteristically inhibit microglial neurotoxicity, rather than modulating neuroprotection alone. In this review, we summarize these herbal compounds, which in the past several years have been shown to exert potential neuroprotective activity by inhibiting microglial activation. The therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds have also been discussed.

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