Pilocapine alters NMDA receptor expression and function in hippocampal neurons: NADPH oxidase and ERK1/2 mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Di Maio ◽  
Pier G. Mastroberardino ◽  
Xiaoping Hu ◽  
Laura Montero ◽  
J. Timothy Greenamyre
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
And Function

Long-term NMDA receptor inhibition affects NMDA receptor expression and alters glutamatergic activity in developing rat hippocampal neurons

Toxicology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sinner ◽  
Oliver Friedrich ◽  
Regina Lindner ◽  
Anika Bundscherer ◽  
Bernhard M. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Receptor Inhibition ◽  
Developing Rat

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of NMDA 2B at S1303 in human glioma peritumoral tissue: implications for glioma epileptogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. E17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Shanbao Cai ◽  
M. Reza Saadatzadeh ◽  
Helmut Hanenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Human Gliomas ◽  
Orthotopic Mouse Model ◽  
Early Symptom ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
Peritumoral Tissue ◽  
And Function

Object Peritumoral seizures are an early symptom of a glioma. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying tumor-induced epileptogenesis, the authors studied modulation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in peritumoral tissue. Methods To study the possible etiology of peritumoral seizures, NMDA receptor expression, posttranslational modification, and function were analyzed in an orthotopic mouse model of human gliomas and primary patient glioma tissue in which the peritumoral border (tumor-brain interface) was preserved in a tissue block during surgery. Results The authors found that the NMDA receptor containing the 2B subunit (NR2B), a predominantly extrasynaptic receptor, is highly phosphorylated at S1013 in the neurons located in the periglioma area of the mouse brain. NR2B is also highly phosphorylated at S1013 in the neurons located in the peritumoral area from human brain tissue containing a glioma. The phosphorylation of the extrasynaptic NMDA receptor increases its permeability for Ca2+ influx and subsequently mediates neuronal overexcitation and seizure activity. Conclusions These data suggest that overexcitation of the extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in the peritumoral neurons may contribute to the development of peritumoral seizures and that the phosphorylated NR2B may be a therapeutic target for blocking primary brain tumor–induced peritumoral seizures.

Role of the 807 C/T Polymorphism of the α2 Gene in Platelet GP Ia Collagen Receptor Expression and Function

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (06) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Corral ◽  
R. González-Conejero ◽  
J. Rivera ◽  
F. Ortuño ◽  
P. Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

SummaryThe variability of the platelet GP Ia/IIa density has been associated with the 807 C/T polymorphism (Phe 224) of the GP Ia gene in American Caucasian population. We have investigated the genotype and allelic frequencies of this polymorphism in Spanish Caucasians. The T allele was found in 35% of the 284 blood donors analyzed. We confirmed in 159 healthy subjects a significant association between the 807 C/T polymorphism and the platelet GP Ia density. The T allele correlated with high number of GP Ia molecules on platelet surface. In addition, we observed a similar association of this polymorphism with the expression of this protein in other blood cell types. The platelet responsiveness to collagen was determined by “in vitro” analysis of the platelet activation and aggregation response. We found no significant differences in these functional platelet parameters according to the 807 C/T genotype. Finally, results from 3 case/control studies involving 302 consecutive patients (101 with coronary heart disease, 104 with cerebrovascular disease and 97 with deep venous thrombosis) determined that the 807 C/T polymorphism of the GP Ia gene does not represent a risk factor for arterial or venous thrombosis.

P2 receptor expression signaling and function in osteoclasts

10.2741/s214 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol S3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101-1118
Author(s):  
S. Jeffrey Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Expression ◽  
P2 Receptor ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Differential Regulation of Gonadotropins as Revealed by Transcriptomes of Distinct LH and FSH Cells of Fish Pituitary

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6478
Author(s):  
Lian Hollander-Cohen ◽  
Matan Golan ◽  
Berta Levavi-Sivan
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Transgenic Tilapia ◽  
And Function ◽  
Direct Regulation

From mammals to fish, reproduction is driven by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) temporally secreted from the pituitary gland. Teleost fish are an excellent model for addressing the unique regulation and function of each gonadotropin cell since, unlike mammals, they synthesize and secrete LH and FSH from distinct cells. Only very distant vertebrate classes (such as fish and birds) demonstrate the mono-hormonal strategy, suggesting a potential convergent evolution. Cell-specific transcriptome analysis of double-labeled transgenic tilapia expressing GFP and RFP in LH or FSH cells, respectively, yielded genes specifically enriched in each cell type, revealing differences in hormone regulation, receptor expression, cell signaling, and electrical properties. Each cell type expresses a unique GPCR signature that reveals the direct regulation of metabolic and homeostatic hormones. Comparing these novel transcriptomes to that of rat gonadotrophs revealed conserved genes that might specifically contribute to each gonadotropin activity in mammals, suggesting conserved mechanisms controlling the differential regulation of gonadotropins in vertebrates.

scholarly journals PKC-phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 triggers phase separation and controls presynaptic active zone structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Emperador-Melero ◽  
Man Yan Wong ◽  
Shan Shan H. Wang ◽  
Giovanni de Nola ◽  
Hajnalka Nyitrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Zone Structure ◽  
Presynaptic Nerve Terminal ◽  
Condensate Formation ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe active zone of a presynaptic nerve terminal defines sites for neurotransmitter release. Its protein machinery may be organized through liquid–liquid phase separation, a mechanism for the formation of membrane-less subcellular compartments. Here, we show that the active zone protein Liprin-α3 rapidly and reversibly undergoes phase separation in transfected HEK293T cells. Condensate formation is triggered by Liprin-α3 PKC-phosphorylation at serine-760, and RIM and Munc13 are co-recruited into membrane-attached condensates. Phospho-specific antibodies establish phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 serine-760 in transfected cells and mouse brain tissue. In primary hippocampal neurons of newly generated Liprin-α2/α3 double knockout mice, synaptic levels of RIM and Munc13 are reduced and the pool of releasable vesicles is decreased. Re-expression of Liprin-α3 restored these presynaptic defects, while mutating the Liprin-α3 phosphorylation site to abolish phase condensation prevented this rescue. Finally, PKC activation in these neurons acutely increased RIM, Munc13 and neurotransmitter release, which depended on the presence of phosphorylatable Liprin-α3. Our findings indicate that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 triggers its phase separation and modulates active zone structure and function.

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