scholarly journals Fractal analysis of extra-embryonic vessels of chick embryos under the effect of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates

2016 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Katharine de Souza Lins Borba ◽  
Giovanni Loos Queiroz Felix ◽  
Edbhergue Ventura Lola Costa ◽  
Lisie Silva ◽  
Paulo Fernando Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Embryonic Vessels

The ubiquitous occurrence of chondroitin sulfates in chick embryos

1975 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. Abrahamsohn ◽  
James W. Lash ◽  
Robert A. Kosher ◽  
Ronald R. Minor
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

scholarly journals Histochemical and radiographic investigations of Malathion-induced malformations in embryonic chick limbs

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Gill ◽  
Q. N. LaHam
Keyword(s):  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

The organophosphate Malathion produces malformations in the limbs of chick embryos. Staining with buffered toluidine blue reveals abnormal areas in the cartilage characterized by hypertrophy of the chondroblasts, lack of ground substance, and weak (gamma) γ metachromasia. Radioautography with S35 shows little incorporation into the chondroitin sulfates of the cartilage ground substance.

Abnormal overgrowth of chick embryos treated with p-nitrophenyl β-D-xyloside at early stages of development

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Atsuhiko Oohira ◽  
Hiroshi Nogami ◽  
Yasuo Nakanishi
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Day 3 Embryos

The effect of p-nitrophenyl β-D-xyloside, an inhibitor of proteoglycan biosynthesis, on the growth of chick embryos was studied by injection of the single dose of 1·0 mg/egg into fertile eggs on day 3. Embryos examined on day 10 had systemic edema, and were increased not only in wet weight (142% of the non-treated embryos) but also in dry weight (125%). No skeletal malformations were observed in the treated embryos. The glycosaminoglycan content in the treated embryos began to increase 6 h after treatment and reached the maximum level (174% of the non-treated) after 3 days, while the DNA and protein content began to increase 12 h after treatment and reached the maximum level (about 140%) within 3 days. P-Nitrophenyl α-D-xyloside, P-nitrophenyl β-D-galactoside, and a mixture of p-nitrophenol and D-xylose produced neither the abnormal overgrowth nor the edematous change of chick embryos. When fertile eggs were treated with 1·0 mg/egg of p-nitrophenyl β-D-xyloside on day 6, the increase in wet and dry weights was also observed in all surviving embryos. On the contrary, treatment on day 9 resulted in the slight reduction of embryonic growth in addition to the systemic edema. Both embryos treated on day 3 and on day 6 contained glycosaminoglycans rich in chondroitin 6-sulfate, whereas the embryos treated on day 9 contained glycosaminoglycans rich in undersulfated chondroitin sulfates. These findings seem to support the view that glycosaminoglycans play an important role in the regulation of embryonic growth.

Dexamethasone Effect on Embryonic Chick Respiratory Epithelium

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M.R. Richter ◽  
R.V. Blystone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Avian Lung

Dexamethasone and other synthetic analogs of corticosteroids have been employed clinically as enhancers of lung development. The mechanism(s) by which this steroid induction of later lung maturation operates is not clear. This study reports the effect on lung epithelia of dexamethasone administered at different intervals during development. White Leghorn chick embryos were used so as to remove possible maternal and placental influences on the exogenously applied steroid. Avian lung architecture does vary from mammals; however, respiratory surfactant produced by the lung epithelia serves an equally critical role in avian lung physiology.

Development of the Foramen Secundum in the Chick as Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
M.J.C. Hendrix ◽  
D.E. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Procaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Cardiac Anomaly ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Anomaly ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

Atrial septal defects are considered the most common congenital cardiac anomaly occurring in humans. In studying the normal sequential development of the atrial septum, chick embryos of the White Leghorn strain were prepared for scanning electron microscopy and the results were then extrapolated to the human heart. One-hundred-eighty chick embryos from 2 to 21 days of age were removed from their shells and immersed in cold cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixative . Twenty-four embryos through the first week post-hatching were perfused in vivo using cold cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixative with procaine hydrochloride. The hearts were immediately dissected free and remained in the fixative a minimum of 2 hours. In most cases, the lateral atrial walls were removed during this period. The tissues were then dehydrated using a series of ascending grades of ethanol; final dehydration of the tissues was achieved via the critical point drying method followed by sputter-coating with goldpalladium.

Immunocytochemical localization of desmin and vimentin in chick embryonic myocardial cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Yukiko Sugi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Study ◽  
Immunofluorescent Localization ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Semithin Sections ◽  
Filament Protein

In cultured skeletal muscle cells of chick, one intermediate filament protein, vimentin, is primarily formed and then synthesis of desmin follows. Coexistence of vimentin and desmin has been immunocytochemically confirmed in chick embryonic skeletal musclecells. Immunofluorescent localization of vimentin and desmin has been described in developing myocardial cells of hamster. However, initial localization of desmin and vimentin in early embryonic heart has not been reported in detail. By quick-freeze deep-etch method a loose network of intermediate filaments was revealed to exist surrounding myofibrils. In this report, immunocytochemical localization of desmin and vimentin is visualized in early stages of chick embryonic my ocardium.Chick embryos, Hamburger-Hamilton (H-H) stage 8 to hatch, and 1 day old postnatal chicks were used in this study. For immunofluorescence study, each embryo was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in Epon 812. De-epoxinized with sodium methoxide, semithin sections were stained with primary antibodies (rabbit anti-desmin antibody and anti-vimentin antibody)and secondary antibody (RITC conjugated goat-anti rabbit IgG).

Heterogeneity of Cerebral Blood Flow: a Fractal Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hartikainen ◽  
J. T. Kuikka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fractal Approach

Summary Aim: We demonstrate the heterogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow using a fractal approach and singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT). Method: Tc-99m-labelled ethylcysteine dimer was injected intravenously in 10 healthy controls and in 10 patients with dementia of frontal lobe type. The head was imaged with a gamma camera and transaxial, sagittal and coronal slices were reconstructed. Two hundred fifty-six symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn onto each hemisphere of functioning brain matter. Fractal analysis was used to examine the spatial heterogeneity of blood flow as a function of the number of ROIs. Results: Relative dispersion (= coefficient of variation of the regional flows) was fractal-like in healthy subjects and could be characterized by a fractal dimension of 1.17 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD) for the left hemisphere and 1.15 ± 0.04 for the right hemisphere, respectively. The fractal dimension of 1.0 reflects completely homogeneous blood flow and 1.5 indicates a random blood flow distribution. Patients with dementia of frontal lobe type had a significantly lower fractal dimension of 1.04 ± 0.03 than in healthy controls. Conclusion: Within the limits of spatial resolution of SPECT, the heterogeneity of brain blood flow is well characterized by a fractal dimension. Fractal analysis may help brain scientists to assess age-, sex- and laterality-related anatomic and physiological changes of brain blood flow and possibly to improve precision of diagnostic information available for patient care.

Air Pollution Attributable Deaths: A Global View Through Fractal Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Melvin de Castro ◽  
◽  
Tonette Villanueva ◽  
Grace Arcamo ◽  
Rayna Lynn de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Global View

Structure characterization of ground calcium carbonate flocs by fractal analysis and their effects on handsheet properties

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANHEE IM ◽  
HAK LAE LEE ◽  
HYE JUNG YOUN ◽  
DONGIL SEO
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Mass Fractal ◽  
Handsheet Properties

Preflocculation of filler particles before their addition to pulp stock provides the most viable and practical solution to increase filler content while minimizing strength loss. The characteristics of filler flocs, such as floc size and structure, have a strong influence on preflocculation efficiency. The influence of flocculant systems on the structural characteristics of filler flocs was examined using a mass fractal analysis method. Mass fractal dimensions of filler flocs under high shear conditions were obtained using light diffraction spectroscopy for three different flocculants. A single polymer (C-PAM), a dual cationic polymer (p-DADMAC/C-PAM) and a C-PAM/micropolymer system were used as flocculants, and their effects on handsheet properties were investigated. The C-PAM/micropolymer system gave the greatest improvement in tensile index. The mass fractal analysis showed that this can be attributed to the formation of highly dense and spherical flocs by this flocculant. A cross-sectional analysis of the handsheets showed that filler flocs with more uniform size were formed when a C-PAM/micropolymer was used. The results suggest that a better understanding of the characteristics of preflocculated fillers and their influence on the properties of paper can be gained based on a fractal analysis.

Abrasive fatigue wear rubber lining in the context of fractal analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
A.S. Kobets ◽  
◽  
V.I. Dyrda ◽  
Ye.V. Kalhankov ◽  
I.M. Tsanidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Rubber Lining
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