Powder metallurgy and process induced residual stress states: A case distinction by X-ray diffraction

Materialia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 100714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schoderböck
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

Combined Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for the Characterization of a Case Hardened Disc

2010 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Epp ◽  
Thomas Hirsch ◽  
Martin Hunkel ◽  
Robert C. Wimpory
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Stress States

The present work has been executed within the framework of the collaborative research center on Distortion Engineering (SFB 570) in order to evaluate the residual stress state of a disc after carburizing and quenching as well as to validate a simulation procedure. The combined use of X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis provided information about the residual stress states in the whole cross section. However, the stress free lattice spacing d0 for the neutron diffraction experiments is problematic and induces systematic uncertainties in the results and the application of a force balance condition to recalculate d0 might be a solution for improving the reliability of the results. Comparison of experimental results with simulation showed that an overall satisfying agreement is reached but discrepancies are still present.

X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress Induced by Surface Compressing Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Cseh ◽  
Valéria Mertinger
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardened Alloy ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Operational Behaviour

Residual stresses have a fundamental effect on the operational behaviour and lifetime of industrial products. The fatigue resistance of machine parts can be increased by introducing residual compressive stresses into the surface region. For certain machine parts especially in the vehicle industry the residual stress is strongly demanded by the quality control. For this reason, measuring the stress accurately is becoming increasingly important. The Almen test, which only gives a qualitative result, is widely used in the industry. Shot peening and rolling are methods which are suitable for creating elastic residual stresses. This paper examines the technologies used by Rába Futómű Nyrt. to increase the lifetime by means of residual stress. We performed analysis of the residual stress of samples shot peened the same way but under different heat treatment states. We compared the residual stress values of burnished and hardened shaft joints, and the residual stress states of gear made of hardened alloy, comparing the carbonized ones to ones which were shot peened under small intensity.

Analysis of X-Ray Diffraction Data for the Characterization of Residual Stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (A) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Jun S. Park ◽  
James F. Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Angle ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Depth Ranges

AbstractThe analysis of linear dϕψ vs sin2ψ x-ray diffraction data in isotropic single phase materials was investigated for the evaluation of x-ray elastic constants. This study developed an experimental model for estimating x-ray elastic constants based on the analysis of biaxial residual stress states, A ball bearing steel and a 1018 steel weldment were evaluated.In a second study, the measurement of residual stress gradients was evaluated for those depth ranges mat can not be evaluated with a single radiation. This requires various planes and radiation energies to obtain the simultaneous conditions of high diffraction angle and large x-ray penetration depth. The evaluation of the overlapped stress gradient region is illustrated in terms of x-ray energy and diffraction angle for the ease of iron. This analysis is specifically developed for the purpose of stress gradient measurement using synchrotron radiation.

Effect of Annealing on Properties of the TiN & TiAlN Coatings Deposited on Powder Metallurgy High Speed Steel ( S790 )

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 1397-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Liang Cao ◽  
Xiang Lin Zhang ◽  
Chun Fa Dong ◽  
Xiang Zha
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tester

To improve the mechanical properties of the physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings deposited on fine-blanking tools and increase the tool life, TiN and TiAlN coatings were deposited on the powder metallurgy high speed steel S790 substrates by Multi-arc ion plating, and then annealed at the temperature of 500°C for one hour in vacuum enviroment. The phase variation, residual stress, morphology, surface microhardness and adhesion strength of coatings were respectively analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers hardness tester and automatic scratch tester. The preferred orientations in the coatings are not changed after annealing, indicating no disparities in the crystal structure of the coatings. The residual stress of coatings released a little after annealing, however the adhesion strength between the coatings and substrates increased obviously, which indicated that the properties of the TiN and TiAlN coatings deposited on S790 steel were improved.

scholarly journals Residual stress in ceramics with large thermal expansion anisotropy

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2795-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Paulik ◽  
M. H. Zimmerman ◽  
K. T. Faber ◽  
E. R. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microcrack Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Thermal Expansion Anisotropy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Stress States

Residual stress was measured in sintered and heat-treated Fe2TiO5 samples with various grain sizes. The influence of texturing was assessed by comparing the residual stress states of samples having randomly oriented grains and highly oriented grains produced through magnetically assisted processing. The residual stress was measured with x-ray diffraction using Cr Kα radiation. Due to the significant texture and the consequential oscillations in the dφψ vs sin2ψ data, the residual stress was calculated using the Marion–Cohen method. Textured samples showed significantly lower residual stresses except when spontaneous microcracking accompanied grain growth in the randomly oriented systems. Elastic modulus measurements showed a direct correlation between the decrease in residual stress and the microcrack density.

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