Automated segmentation of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue in obese adolescent in MRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve C.N. Hui ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Lin Shi ◽  
Defeng Wang ◽  
Chei-Bing Ip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Automated Segmentation ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Regional Variation in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Adipose Tissue from Obese Individuals

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (04) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Van Harmelen ◽  
Johan Hoffstedt ◽  
Per Lundquist ◽  
Hubert Vidal ◽  
Veronika Stemme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryHigh plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity is a frequent finding in obesity and adipose tissue has recently been suggested to be a source of circulating PAI-1 in humans. In the present study, differences in adipose tissue gene expression and protein secretion rate of PAI-1 between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was analysed in specimens obtained from 22 obese individuals. The secretion rate of PAI-1 was two-fold higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue than in visceral adipose tissue (292 ± 50 vs 138 ± 24 ng PAI-1/107 cells, P <0.05). In accordance with the secretion data, subcutaneous adipose tissue contained about three-fold higher levels of PAI-1 mRNA than visceral adipose tissue (2.43 ± 0.37 vs 0.81 ± 0.12 attomole PAI-1 mRNA/µg total RNA, P <0.001). PAI-1 secretion from subcutaneous but not from visceral adipose tissue correlated significantly with cell size (r = 0.43, P <0.05). In summary, subcutaneous adipose tissue secreted greater amounts of PAI-1 and had a higher PAI-1 gene expression than visceral adipose tissue from the same obese individuals. Bearing in mind that subcutaneous adipose tissue is the largest fat depot these finding may be important for the coagulation abnormalities associated with obesity.

scholarly journals Visceral adipose tissue but not subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with urine and serum metabolites

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0175133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Schlecht ◽  
Wolfram Gronwald ◽  
Gundula Behrens ◽  
Sebastian E. Baumeister ◽  
Johannes Hertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Urine And Serum

scholarly journals Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. E930-E934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Rasouli ◽  
Ulrika Raue ◽  
Leslie M. Miles ◽  
Tong Lu ◽  
Gina B. Di Gregorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Patients with insulin resistance often manifest increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) along with increased visceral adipose tissue. This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensitizer drugs pioglitazone and metformin would improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity by decreasing IMCL. In this study, 23 generally healthy subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to receive either pioglitazone 45 mg/day or metformin 2,000 mg/day for 10 wk. Before and after treatment, we measured insulin sensitivity and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue with CT scanning. In addition, muscle biopsies were performed for measurement of IMCL and muscle oxidative enzymes. After treatment with pioglitazone, 2-h glucose fell from 9.6 mmol/l (172 mg/dl) to 6.1 mmol/l (119 mg/dl), whereas there was no change in 2-h glucose with metformin. With pioglitazone treatment, there was a 65% increase in insulin sensitivity along with a 34% decrease in IMCL (both P ≤ 0.002). This decrease in IMCL was not due to increased muscle lipid oxidation, as there were no changes in muscle lipid oxidative enzymes. However, pioglitazone resulted in a 2.6-kg weight gain along with a significant decrease in the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. In contrast, metformin treatment resulted in no change in insulin sensitivity, IMCL, oxidative enzymes, or adipose tissue volumes. Pioglitazone improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by reducing IMCL. This reduction in IMCL was not due to an increase in muscle lipid oxidation but to a diversion of lipid from ectopic sites into subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Adipocyte triglyceride lipase expression in human obesity

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. E958-E964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Steinberg ◽  
Bruce E. Kemp ◽  
Matthew J. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipolytic Enzymes ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

We have investigated the gene and protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and triglyceride (TG) lipase activity from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of lean and obese subjects. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 16 age-matched lean and obese subjects during abdominal surgery. Tissues were analyzed for mRNA expression of lipolytic enzymes by real-time quantitative PCR. ATGL protein content was assessed by Western blot and TG lipase activity by radiometric assessment. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of obese subjects had elevated mRNA expression of PNPLA2 (ATGL) and other lipases including PNPLA3, PNPLA4, CES1, and LYPLAL1 ( P < 0.05). Surprisingly, ATGL protein expression and TG lipase activity were reduced in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese subjects. Immunoprecipitation of ATGL reduced total TG lipase activity in adipose lysates by 70% in obese and 83% in lean subjects. No significant differences in the ATGL activator CGI-58 mRNA levels ( ABHD5) were associated with obesity. These data demonstrate that ATGL is important for efficient TG lipase activity in humans. They also demonstrate reduced ATGL protein expression and TG lipase activity despite increased mRNA expression of ATGL and other novel lipolytic enzymes in obesity. The lack of correlation between ATGL protein content and in vitro TG lipase activity indicates that small decrements in ATGL protein expression are not responsible for the reduction in TG lipase activity observed here in obesity, and that posttranslational modifications may be important.

scholarly journals Visceral Adipose Tissue and Different Measures of Adiposity in Different Severities of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Netanja Harlianto ◽  
Jan Westerink ◽  
Wouter Foppen ◽  
Marjolein Hol ◽  
Rianne Wittenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is associated with both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to investigate the relation between DISH and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular, as this would support a causal role of insulin resistance and low grade inflammation in the development of DISH. Methods: In 4334 patients with manifest vascular disease, the relation between different adiposity measures and the presence of DISH was compared using z-scores via standard deviation logistic regression analyses. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, non-HDL cholesterol, smoking status, and renal function. Results: DISH was present in 391 (9%) subjects. The presence of DISH was associated with markers of adiposity and had a strong relation with VAT in males (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.20–1.54) and females (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.06–1.93). In males with the most severe DISH (extensive ossification of seven or more vertebral bodies) the association between DISH and VAT was stronger (OR: 1.61; 95%CI: 1.31–1.98), while increased subcutaneous fat was negatively associated with DISH (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.49–0.95). In females, increased subcutaneous fat was associated with the presence of DISH (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.14–1.80). Conclusion: Markers of adiposity, including VAT, are strongly associated with the presence of DISH. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was negatively associated with more severe cases of DISH in males, while in females, increased subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with the presence of DISH.

scholarly journals CT-based determination of excessive visceral adipose tissue is associated with an impaired survival in critically ill patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250321
Author(s):  
Theresa H. Wirtz ◽  
Sven H. Loosen ◽  
Maximilian Schulze-Hagen ◽  
Ralf Weiskirchen ◽  
Lukas Buendgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adipose Tissue Distribution ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Objective Obesity is a negative prognostic factor for various clinical conditions. In this observational cohort study, we evaluated a CT-based assessment of the adipose tissue distribution as a potential non-invasive prognostic parameter in critical illness. Methods Routine CT-scans upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were used to analyze the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the 3rd lumbar vertebra in 155 patients. Results were correlated with various prognostic markers and both short-term- and overall survival. Multiple statistical tools were used for data analysis. Results We observed a significantly larger visceral adipose tissue area in septic patients compared to non-sepsis patients. Interestingly, patients requiring mechanical ventilation had a significantly higher amount of visceral adipose tissue correlating with the duration of mechanical ventilation. Moreover, both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area significantly correlated with several laboratory markers. While neither the visceral nor the subcutaneous adipose tissue area was predictive for short-term ICU survival, patients with a visceral adipose tissue area above the optimal cut-off (241.4 cm2) had a significantly impaired overall survival compared to patients with a lower visceral adipose tissue area. Conclusions Our study supports a prognostic role of the individual adipose tissue distribution in critically ill patients. However, additional investigations need to confirm our suggestion that routine CT-based assessment of adipose tissue distribution can be used to yield further information on the patients’ clinical course. Moreover, future studies should address functional and metabolic analysis of different adipose tissue compartments in critical illness.

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