scholarly journals Modifying transcript lengths of cycling mouse segmentation genes

2012 ◽  
Vol 129 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stauber ◽  
Christine Laclef ◽  
Annalisa Vezzaro ◽  
Mahalia E. Page ◽  
David Ish-Horowicz
Keyword(s):  
Segmentation Genes

Regulation of runt transcription by Drosophila segmentation genes

1993 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Klinger ◽  
J.Peter Gergen
Keyword(s):  
Segmentation Genes

Expression of engrailed during segmentation in grasshopper and crayfish

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H. Patel ◽  
T.B. Kornberg ◽  
C.S. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Germ Band ◽  
Segmentation Genes ◽  
Pair Rule ◽  
Drosophila Embryos ◽  
The Way

We have used a monoclonal antibody that recognizes engrailed proteins to compare the process of segmentation in grasshopper, crayfish, and Drosophila. Drosophila embryos rapidly generate metameres during an embryonic stage characterized by the absence of cell division. In contrast, many other arthropod embryos, such as those of more primitive insects and crustaceans, generate metameres gradually and sequentially, as cell proliferation causes caudal elongation. In all three organisms, the pattern of engrailed expression at the segmented germ band stage is similar, and the parasegments are the first metameres to form. Nevertheless, the way in which the engrailed pattern is generated differs and reflects the differences in how these organisms generate their metameres. These differences call into question what role homologues of the Drosophila pair-rule segmentation genes might play in other arthropods that generate metameres sequentially.

scholarly journals Evolutionary conservation pattern of zinc-finger domains of Drosophila segmentation genes.

1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (22) ◽  
pp. 10782-10786 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Sommer ◽  
M. Retzlaff ◽  
K. Goerlich ◽  
K. Sander ◽  
D. Tautz
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Segmentation Genes ◽  
Zinc Finger Domains ◽  
Conservation Pattern

Hierarchy of the genetic interactions that specify the anteroposterior segmentation pattern of the Drosophila embryo as monitored by caudal protein expression

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mlodzik ◽  
W.J. Gehring
Keyword(s):  
Protein Product ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
Gradient Distribution ◽  
Segmentation Genes ◽  
Anteroposterior Axis ◽  
Segmentation Pattern ◽  
Maternal Determinants ◽  
Homeotic Selector

The establishment of the body pattern of Drosophila along the anteroposterior axis requires the coordinated functions of at least three classes of genes. First, the maternally active coordinate genes define the polarity of the embryo and act as primary determinants; second, the segmentation genes divide the developing embryo into the correct number of segments and third, the segments become specified by the homeotic selector genes. We have examined the effects of mutations in the genes of the first two classes on the spatial distribution of the protein product(s) of the caudal (cad) gene, which in wild type shows a graded distribution along the anteroposterior axis during the syncytial blastoderm stage, whereas its persistent zygotic expression is confined to the telson region (the posterior terminal structures). Mutations in maternal genes that specify the spatial coordinates of the egg and the future embryo change the gradient distribution of cad according to the alterations of the fate map which they produce. A second group of maternally expressed genes, the gap genes of the ‘grandchildless-knirps’ group, which are considered to represent posterior activities, do not have any effect on the cad gradient. The same is true for the zygotic segmentation genes that are active after fertilization. However, the same class of zygotic genes partly affects the zygotic cad expression in the telson. Therefore, the two phases of cad expression represent different levels within the genetic hierarchy. The cad protein gradient seems to form in response to the primary maternal determinants independent of the segmentation genes, whereas the latter influence zygotic cad expression in the telson region which corresponds to a homeotic selector gene function.

Repression of Drosophila pair-rule segmentation genes by ectopic expression of tramtrack

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Brown ◽  
C. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Fushi Tarazu ◽  
Segmentation Genes ◽  
Blastoderm Stage ◽  
Pair Rule ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

The tramtrack (ttk) protein has been proposed as a maternally provided repressor of the fushi tarazu (ftz) gene in Drosophila embryos at the preblastoderm stage. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have detected by immunohistochemistry the presence of ttk protein in preblastoderm embryos. This is followed by a complete decay upon formation of the cellular blastoderm when ftz striped expression is at its peak. In addition, the highly complex pattern of zygotic ttk expression suggests specific functions for ttk late in development that are separate from the regulation of ftz. We have produced ttk protein ectopically in blastoderm-stage embryos transformed with a heat shock-ttk construct. Ectopic ttk caused complete or near-complete repression of the endogenous ftz gene, as well as significant repression of the pair-rule genes even skipped, odd skipped, hairy and runt. These findings suggest that specific repression by ttk (or by undiscovered repressors) may be more than an isolated phenomenon during the rapid cleavage divisions, a period when the need for genetic repression has not been generally anticipated.

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