Insulin signaling regulates mitochondrial membrane potential, resistance to oxidative stress and mtDNA copy number

Mitochondrion ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Lemire⁎ ◽  
Adrienne Baksh ◽  
Xiaobin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mtdna Copy Number

scholarly journals Artemisinin attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Yan ◽  
Hongxia Ma ◽  
Xiaoyi Lai ◽  
Jiannan Wu ◽  
Anran Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. The oxidative stress is an important component of the pathogenesis of PD. Artemisinin (ART) has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of ART on 1-methyl-4-phenyliodine iodide (MPP +)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and underlying mechanism. Methods We used MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells to study the neuroprotective effect of ART. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after incubating the cells with MPP+ and/or ART for 24 h. DCFH-DA was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and WST-8 was used to detect the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The level of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) was detected with 5,5΄-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was assessed based on the reaction of MDA and thiobarbituric acid. A mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit (JC-1) was used to detect changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and an Annexin V-FITC cell apoptosis kit was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expression levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and the autophagy-related proteins LC3, beclin-1, and p62 were detected by Western blotting. In addition, to verify the change in autophagy, we used immunofluorescence to detect the expression of LC3 and p62. Results No significant cytotoxicity was observed at ART concentrations up to 40 μM. ART could significantly increase the viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ and reduce oxidative stress damage and apoptosis. In addition, the Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that MPP+ treatment could increase the protein expression of beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I and decrease the protein expression of p62, indicating that MPP+ treatment could induce autophagy. Simultaneous treatment with ART and MPP+ could decrease the protein expression of beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I and increase the protein expression of p62, indicating that ART could decrease the level of autophagy induced by MPP+. Conclusion Our results indicate that ART has a protective effect on MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells by the antioxidant, antiapoptotic activities and inhibition of autophagy. Our findings may provide new hope for the prevention and treatment of PD.

Abstract 371: Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) Protects Cardiomyocytes Under Oxidative Stress by Interfering with Bax-Mediated Cell Death

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitaka Yajima ◽  
Stanley Park ◽  
Hanbing Zhou ◽  
Michinari Nakamura ◽  
Mitsuyo Machida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Cytochrome C Release ◽  
Antiviral Signaling ◽  
Cell Death Pathway ◽  
The Impact

MAVS is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that activates innate antiviral signaling by recognizing cytosolic viral RNAs and DNAs. While the discovery of MAVS is the first molecular evidence that links mitochondria to innate immune mechanisms, it is still unclear whether MAVS affects mitochondrial cell death as a member of caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD)-containing proteins. We found that MAVS interacts with Bax through CARD by Yeast two-hybrid and a series of immunoprecipitation (IP) assay, which led us to hypothesize that MAVS functions not only in the innate antiviral mechanisms but also in the mitochondrial cell death pathway. Methods: 1) We examined molecular interaction between MAVS and Bax under oxidative stress by IP using isolated myocytes with H2O2 stimulation and the heart post ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). 2) We evaluated the effect of MAVS on mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis under H2O2 stimulation using isolated myocytes with adenoviral MAVS knockdown. 3) We investigated the impact of MAVS on %myocardial infarction (%MI) post I/R using cardiac-specific MAVS knockout (cKO) and transgenic (cTg) mice which we have originally generated. 4) We examined the effect of MAVS on recombinant Bax (rBax)-mediated cytochrome c release using isolated mitochondria from wild type (WT) and MAVS KO mice. Results: 1) The amount of Bax pulled down with MAVS was significantly increased in isolated myocytes with 0.2 mM H2O2 compared to those without stimulation (mean±SD; 1.808±0.14, n=5, p<0.001) and in the heart post I/R compared to sham (2.2±1.19, n=3, p=0.0081). 2) Myocytes with MAVS knockdown showed clear abnormalities in mitochondrial membrane potential and caspace-3 cleavage with 0.2 mM H2O2 compared to control cardiomyocytes. 3) MAVS cKO had significantly larger %MI than WT (81.9 ± 5.8% vs. 42.6 ± 13.6%, n=8, p=0.0008). In contrast, MAVS cTg had significantly smaller %MI that WT (30.0 ± 4.8% vs. 49.2 ± 4.8%, n=10, p=0.0113). 4) Mitochondria from MAVS KO exhibited cytochrome c release after incubation with 2.5 μ g of rBax while those from WT required 10 μ g of rBax. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that MAVS protects cardiomyocyte under oxidative stress by interfering with Bax-mediated cytochrome c release from mitochondria.

Melatonin and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Hemodynamic Parameters in Aged Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Hosseini ◽  
Manouchehr S. Vafaee ◽  
Reza Badalzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

Ischemic heart diseases are the major reasons for disability and mortality in elderly individuals. In this study, we tried to examine the combined effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) preconditioning and melatonin postconditioning on cardioprotection and mitochondrial function in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of aged male rats. Sixty aged Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups, including sham, control, NMN-receiving, melatonin-receiving, and combined therapy (NMN+melatonin). Isolated hearts were mounted on Langendorff apparatus and then underwent 30-minue ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery to induce regional ischemic insult, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (100 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally) was administered for every other day for 28 days before I/R. Melatonin added to perfusion solution, 5 minutes prior to the reperfusion up to 15 minutes early reperfusion. Myocardial hemodynamic and infarct size (IS) were measured, and the left ventricles samples were obtained to evaluate cardiac mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers. Melatonin postconditioning and NMN had significant cardioprotective effects in aged rats; they could improve hemodynamic parameters and reduce IS and lactate dehydrogenase release compared to those of control group. Moreover, pretreatment with NMN increased the cardioprotection by melatonin. All treatments reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and improved mitochondrial membrane potential and restored NAD+/NADH ratio. The effects of combined therapy on reduction of mitochondrial ROS and oxidative status and improvement of mitochondrial membrane potential were greater than those of alone treatments. Combination of melatonin and NMN can be a promising strategy to attenuate myocardial I/R damages in aged hearts. Restoration of mitochondrial function may substantially contribute to this cardioprotection.

Encircling granulosa cells protects against di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced apoptosis in rat oocytes cultured in vitro

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anima Tripathi ◽  
Vivek Pandey ◽  
A.N. Sahu ◽  
Alok K. Singh ◽  
Pawan K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Apoptotic Markers ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

SummaryThe present study investigated if the presence of encircling granulosa cells protected against di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-induced oxidative stress in rat oocytes cultured in vitro. Denuded oocytes and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with or without various doses of DEHP (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μM) in vitro. Morphological apoptotic changes, levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression levels of apoptotic markers (Bcl2, Bax, cytochrome c) were analyzed. Our results showed that DEHP induced morphological apoptotic changes in a dose-dependent manner in denuded oocytes cultured in vitro. The effective dose of DEHP (400 µg) significantly (P>0.05) increased oxidative stress by elevating ROS levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential with higher mRNA expression and protein levels of apoptotic markers (Bax, cytochrome c). Encircling granulosa cells protected oocytes from DEHP-induced morphological changes, increased oxidative stress and ROS levels, as well as increased expression of apoptotic markers. Taken together our data suggested that encircling granulosa cells protected oocytes against DEHP-induced apoptosis and that the presence of granulosa cells could act positively towards the survival of oocytes under in vitro culture conditions and may be helpful during assisted reproductive technique programmes.

Seminal plasma has limited counteracting effects following induction of oxidative stress in donkey spermatozoa

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Marion Papas ◽  
Jaime Catalan ◽  
Sebastián Bonilla-Correal ◽  
Sabrina Gacem ◽  
Jordi Miró ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
High Concentration

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of donkey spermatozoa to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, and to determine whether the presence of seminal plasma modulates the sperm response to that stress. Nine ejaculates were collected, extended in skim milk extender and split into two aliquots. Seminal plasma was removed from the first but not second aliquot. Samples were subsequently split into four aliquots supplemented with different concentrations of commercial hydrogen peroxide (0, 100 and 250µM and 50mM). Aliquots were incubated at 37°C under aerobic conditions and several sperm parameters, namely motility, viability, intracellular levels of peroxides and superoxides and mitochondrial membrane potential, were evaluated at 0, 1 and 3h. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide markedly decreased sperm motility but had much less of an effect on sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. A protective effect of seminal plasma against the loss of sperm motility was not apparent, but some kinetic parameters and relative levels of superoxides were better maintained when seminal plasma was present together with high concentration of hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide reduces donkey sperm motility and has a less apparent effect on other sperm parameters. Finally, seminal plasma is only able to partially ameliorate the detrimental effect of this induced stress.

scholarly journals Sodium para-aminosalicylic acid inhibits manganese-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis by inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation and oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongjie Peng ◽  
Junyan Li ◽  
Yue Deng ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhu ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background The activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis has been shown to play a vital role in the pathology of manganese (Mn)-induced neurotoxicity. Sodium para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS-Na) has a positive effect on the treatment of manganism. However, the mechanism is still unclear. We hypothesized that PAS-Na might act through NLRP3. Methods The microglial cell line BV2 and male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to investigate the impacts of PAS-Na on Mn-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis. The related protein of the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3-inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis was detected by western blot. The reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The activation of microglia and the gasdermin D (GSDMD) were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results Our results showed that Mn treatment induced oxidative stress and activated the NF-κB pathway by increasing the phosphorylation of p65 and IkB-α in BV2 cells and in the basal ganglia of rats. PAS-Na could alleviate Mn-induced oxidative stress damage by inhibiting ROS generation, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, thereby reducing the phosphorylation of p65 and IkB-α. Besides, Mn treatment could activate the NLRP3 pathway and promote the secretion of IL-18 and IL-1β, mediating pyroptosis in BV2 cells and in the basal ganglia and hippocampus of rats. But an inhibitor of NF-κb (JSH-23) treatment could significantly reduce LDH release, the expression of NLRP3 and Cleaved CASP1 protein and IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA level in BV2 cells. Interestingly, the effect of PAS-Na treatment in Mn-treated BV2 cells is similar to those of JSH-23. Besides, immunofluorescence results showed that PAS-Na reduced the increase number of activated microglia, which stained positively for GSDMD. Conclusion PAS-Na antagonized Mn-induced NLRP3 inflammasome dependent pyroptosis through inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation and oxidative stress.

Supplementation of kaempferol to in vitro maturation medium regulates oxidative stress and enhances subsequent embryonic development in vitro

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Yuhan Zhao ◽  
Yongnan Xu ◽  
Yinghua Li ◽  
Qingguo Jin ◽  
Jingyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species

SummaryKaempferol (KAE) is one of the most common dietary flavonols possessing biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Although previous studies have reported the biological activity of KAE on a variety of cells, it is not clear whether KAE plays a similar role in oocyte and embryo in vitro culture systems. This study investigated the effect of KAE addition to in vitro maturation on the antioxidant capacity of embryos in porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation. The effects of kaempferol on oocyte quality in porcine oocytes were studied based on the expression of related genes, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and mitochondrial membrane potential as criteria. The rate of blastocyst formation was significantly higher in oocytes treated with 0.1 µm KAE than in control oocytes. The mRNA level of the apoptosis-related gene Caspase-3 was significantly lower in the blastocysts derived from KAE-treated oocytes than in the control group and the mRNA expression of the embryo development-related genes COX2 and SOX2 was significantly increased in the KAE-treated group compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was significantly decreased and that of glutathione was significantly increased after KAE treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was increased and the activity of Caspase-3 was significantly decreased in the KAE-treated group compared with that in the control group. Taken together, these results suggested that KAE is beneficial for the improvement of embryo development by inhibiting oxidative stress in porcine oocytes.

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