Nonhost-associated proliferation of intrahyphal hyphae of citrus scab fungus Elsinoe fawcettii: Refining the perception of cell-within-a-cell organization

Micron ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Woo Kim ◽  
Jae-Wook Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Cell Organization ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals The next frontier: using space as management strategy - an exploratory study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Pia Storvang ◽  
Bang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Organizational Strategy ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The University

Purpose More and more companies use physical space as a way to enhance creativity, create change and stimulate interaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how space affects this interrelationship and explores how space can support organizational strategy. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative approach, this study explores three cases from an educational, a cultural and an industrial setting to illustrate how space can be used to support an organization’s policy and help its strategic intentions. Findings The findings demonstrate how space can be used to enhance organizational strategy and demonstrate how closely the creation of space can be related to the development of that strategy. Specifically, the study finds that the “’space-organizational strategy’ link has three uses: “Space as an organizational meeting place” in the University campus, (2) “Space as a network organization” in the culture and production center and (3) “Space as a cell organization” in the private manufacturing company. Originality/value The study will show that the design and operationalization of spaces can influence management and organizational strategy because space influences relations between people and that organizations can use space to support their strategic intentions seems to have been overlooked in the literature.

Hacking organizational space with strategic design

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Capacity For Change

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper conducts three case studies on how space can be created or modified to pursue organizational strategy. Three distinct strategies were revealed, firstly, space as an organizational meeting place, used by a University campus to create an interactive knowledge station. Secondly, space as a network organization, used by a cultural center to foster community-driven art projects in an historically themed building. Thirdly, space as a cell organization, used by a manufacturing company to develop products privately in partnership with customers. These cases demonstrate the strategic capacity of designed space to elicit improved interactions, capacity for change, and to support learning within organizational settings. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

scholarly journals A developmental conundrum

2002 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanuj DasGupta ◽  
Horace Rhee ◽  
Elaine Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Dna Binding Proteins ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Transactivation Domain ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Single Protein ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
A Cell

Wnt signaling orchestrates morphogenetic processes in which changes in gene expression are associated with dramatic changes in cell organization within developing tissue/organss. Upon signaling, excess β-catenin not utilized at cell–cell junctions becomes stabilized, where it can provide the transcriptional activating domain for Lef/Tcf DNA binding proteins. In skin epithelium, forced stabilization of β-catenin in epidermis promotes hair follicle morphogenesis, whereas conditional removal of β-catenin in hair progenitor cells specifies an epidermal fate. We now report that a single protein, a stabilized version of β-catenin lacking the COOH-terminal transactivation domain, acts in epidermis to promote hair fates and in hair cells to promote epidermal fate. This reveals fundamental differences in ways that epidermal and hair cells naturally respond to β-catenin signaling. In exploring the phenotype, we uncovered mechanistic insights into the complexities of Lef1/Tcf/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, how a cell will respond to the transgene product, where it will be localized, and whether it can lead to activation of endogenous β-catenin/Tcf/Lef complexes is specifically tailored to skin stem cells, their particular lineage and their relative stage of differentiation. Finally, by varying the level of β-catenin signaling during a cell fate program, the skin cell appears to be pliable, switching fates multiple times.

scholarly journals Identification of two pathways mediating protein targeting from ER to lipid droplets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiunn Song ◽  
Arda Mizrak ◽  
Chia-Wei Lee ◽  
Marcelo Cicconet ◽  
Zon Weng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Protein Targeting ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Snare Proteins ◽  
Er Exit Sites ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
And Function ◽  
Specific Membrane

Pathways localizing proteins to their sites of action within a cell are essential for eukaryotic cell organization and function. Although mechanisms of protein targeting to many organelles have been defined, little is known about how proteins, such as key metabolic enzymes, target from the ER to cellular lipid droplets (LDs). Here, we identify two distinct pathways for ER-to-LD (ERTOLD) protein targeting: early ERTOLD, occurring during LD formation, and late ERTOLD, targeting mature LDs after their formation. By using systematic, unbiased approaches, we identified specific membrane-fusion machinery, including regulators, a tether, and SNARE proteins, that are required for late ERTOLD targeting. Components of this fusion machinery localize to LD-ER interfaces and appear to be organized at ER exit sites (ERES) to generate ER-LD membrane bridges. We also identified multiple cargoes for early and late ERTOLD. Collectively, our data provide a new model for how proteins target LDs from the ER.

Successive patterns of clonal cell dispersion in relation to neuromeric subdivision in the mouse neuroepithelium

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (18) ◽  
pp. 4095-4106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mathis ◽  
J. Sieur ◽  
O. Voiculescu ◽  
P. Charnay ◽  
J.F. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Major Change ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Morphological Segmentation ◽  
Cell Dispersion ◽  
Interesting Possibility ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Epithelial Growth

We made use of the laacz procedure of single-cell labelling to visualize clones labelled before neuromere formation, in 12.5-day mouse embryos. This allowed us to deduce two successive phases of cell dispersion in the formation of the rhombencephalon: an initial anterior-posterior (AP) cell dispersion, followed by an asymmetrical dorsoventral (DV) cell distribution during which AP cell dispersion occurs in territories smaller than one rhombomere. We conclude that the general arrest of AP cell dispersion precedes the onset of morphological segmentation and is not imposed by the interface between adjacent rhombomeres. This demonstrates a major change in the mode of epithelial growth that precedes or accompanies the formation of neuromeres. We also deduced that the period of DV cell dispersion in the neuroepithelium is followed by a coherent growth phase. These results suggest a cell organization on a Cartesian grid, the coordinates of which correspond to the AP and DV axis of the neural tube. A similar sequence of AP cell dispersion followed by an arrest of AP cell dispersion, a preferential DV cell dispersion and then by a coherent neuroepithelial growth, is also observed in the spinal cord and mesencephalon. This demonstrates that a similar cascade of cell events occurs in these different domains of the CNS. In the prosencephalon, differences in spatial constraints may explain the variability in the orientation of cell clusters. Genetic and clonal patterning in the AP and DV dimensions follow the same spatial sequence. An interesting possibility is that these successive patterns of cell growth facilitate the acquisition of positional information.

Materials Designed to Control and Examine The Function of Single Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Thomas ◽  
J.B. Lhoest ◽  
D.G. Castner ◽  
C.D. Mcfarland ◽  
K.E. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Cytoskeletal Organization ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
And Function

AbstractStress levels imparted on a cell have been shown to alter cell organization and function, presumably as a result of morphological cues affecting cytoskeletal organization. Materials with spatially resolved surface chemistry were designed to isolate individual mammalian cells to determine the influence of projected area on cell proliferation and cytoskeletal organization. Surfaces were fabricated using a photolithographic process resulting in islands of cell binding N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (EDS) separated by a non-adhesive interpenetrating polymer network [poly acrylamide-co-ethylene glycol; P(AAm-co-EG)]. The surfaces contained over 3800 adhesive islands/cm2, allowing for isolation of single cells with projected areas ranging from 100µm2to 10,000µm2. These surfaces provide a useful tool for researching how cell morphology and mechanical forces affect cell function.

Effect of Niacin on Mitochondria of Allium Cepa Root Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
M. Arif Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Critical Interest

Although it is recognized that niacin (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), incorporated as the amide in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), is a cofactor in hydrogen transfer in numerous enzyme reactions in all organisms studied, virtually no information is available on the effect of this vitamin on a cell at the submicroscopic level. Since mitochondria act as sites for many hydrogen transfer processes, the possible response of mitochondria to niacin treatment is, therefore, of critical interest.Onion bulbs were placed on vials filled with double distilled water in the dark at 25°C. After two days the bulbs and newly developed root system were transferred to vials containing 0.1% niacin. Root tips were collected at ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hr. intervals after treatment. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde-OsO4 as well as in 2% KMnO4 according to standard procedures. In both cases, the tissues were dehydrated in an acetone series and embedded in Reynolds' lead citrate for 3-10 minutes.

Ultrastructure of melanocyte-keratinocyte interactions and pigment transfer in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Raul I. Garcia ◽  
Evelyn A. Flynn ◽  
George Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Pigment Granule ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Lanthanum Tracer ◽  
A Cell

Skin pigmentation in mammals involves the interaction of epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes in the structural and functional unit known as the Epidermal Melanin Unit. Melanocytes(M) synthesize melanin within specialized membrane-bound organelles, the melanosome or pigment granule. These are subsequently transferred by way of M dendrites to keratinocytes(K) by a mechanism still to be clearly defined. Three different, though not necessarily mutually exclusive, mechanisms of melanosome transfer have been proposed: cytophagocytosis by K of M dendrite tips containing melanosomes, direct injection of melanosomes into the K cytoplasm through a cell-to-cell pore or communicating channel formed by localized fusion of M and K cell membranes, release of melanosomes into the extracellular space(ECS) by exocytosis followed by K uptake using conventional phagocytosis. Variability in methods of transfer has been noted both in vivo and in vitro and there is evidence in support of each transfer mechanism. We Have previously studied M-K interactions in vitro using time-lapse cinemicrography and in vivo at the ultrastructural level using lanthanum tracer and freeze-fracture.

Dendritic cells of the human epidermis: immuno-electron microscopic studies of la antigen reactivity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
G. Rowden ◽  
M. G. Lewis ◽  
T. M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
La Antigen ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
C3 Receptors ◽  
Antigen Reactivity

Langerhans cells of mammalian stratified squamous epithelial have proven to be an enigma since their discovery in 1868. These dendritic suprabasal cells have been considered as related to melanocytes either as effete cells, or as post divisional products. Although grafting experiments seemed to demonstrate the independence of the cell types, much confusion still exists. The presence in the epidermis of a cell type with morphological features seemingly shared by melanocytes and Langerhans cells has been especially troublesome. This so called "indeterminate", or " -dendritic cell" lacks both Langerhans cells granules and melanosomes, yet it is clearly not a keratinocyte. Suggestions have been made that it is related to either Langerhans cells or melanocyte. Recent studies have unequivocally demonstrated that Langerhans cells are independent cells with immune function. They display Fc and C3 receptors on their surface as well as la (immune region associated) antigens.

Presence of antibody in virus-infected brain cells of SSPE ferrets

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 804-805
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Brown ◽  
Tammy L. Donato ◽  
Halldor Thormar
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Measles virus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found in the brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a slowly progressing disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in children. IgG/albumin ratios indicate that the antibodies are synthesized within the CNS. Using the ferret as an animal model to study the disease, we have been attempting to localize the Ig's in the brains of animals inoculated with a cell associated strain of SSPE. In an earlier report, preliminary results using Protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (PrAPx) (Dynatech Diagnostics Inc., South Windham, ME.) to detect antibodies revealed the presence of immunoglobulin mainly in antibody-producing plasma cells in inflammatory lesions and not in infected brain cells.In the present experiment we studied the brain of an SSPE ferret with neutralizing antibody titers of 1:1024 in serum and 1:512 in CSF at time of sacrifice 7 months after i.c. inoculation with SSPE measles virus-infected cells. The animal was perfused with saline and portions of the brain and spinal cord were immersed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (P-L-P) fixative. The ferret was not perfused with fixative because parts of the brain were used for virus isolation.

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