scholarly journals Scientific investigation into the water sensitivity of twentieth century oil paints

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 282-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Lee ◽  
Ilaria Bonaduce ◽  
Francesca Modugno ◽  
Jacopo La Nasa ◽  
Bronwyn Ormsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Oil Paints

The Influence of Metal Stearates on the Water Sensitivity of Modern Oil Paints

2019 ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Banti ◽  
Aviva Burnstock ◽  
Ilaria Bonaduce ◽  
Jacopo La Nasa ◽  
Judith Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Oil Paints

scholarly journals A molecular study of modern oil paintings: investigating the role of dicarboxylic acids in the water sensitivity of modern oil paints

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 6001-6012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Banti ◽  
Jacopo La Nasa ◽  
Anna Lluveras Tenorio ◽  
Francesca Modugno ◽  
Klaas Jan van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Quantitative Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Oil Paints

Quantitative mass spectrometry was used to investigate the role played by dicarboxylic acids in the water sensitivity of modern oil paints.

scholarly journals German science in nineteenth-century Australian libraries

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Wallace Kirsop
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
German States ◽  
German Science ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
University Leaders ◽  
Private Collections

Between Bligh’s disdain for Robert Townson’s books at the beginning of the century and C.W. Holgate’s 1886 commentary on the collections of the Melbourne Public Library, there is evidence of deficiencies in Australian holdings of materials derived from the German states and from the Austrian Empire. Consideration of private collections, of the roles played by individuals in developing research institutes, learned societies and community libraries and ultimately of the efforts made by university leaders to equip and enhance a culture of scientific investigation leads to the conclusion that the German or Prussian model was beginning to dominate by the turn of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals The playboy milieu in post-socialist Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-88
Author(s):  
Zita Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Consumer Habits

By the 1960s, consumer habits focused on the freedom of selfrealisation, independence and the spending of leisure time became solid values in American culture. Values related to sexuality went through dramatic changes and erotics became part of mass culture as magazines designed for men were introduced onto the market. Playboy magazine, the pioneer of a new segment of the printed press, was born in this environment. Read by masses of people, this magazine had a very strong influence on public life in the second half of the twentieth century, and also served as a model for new lifestyle magazines launched onto the gradually expanding publishing market. If we consider the changes taking place in society as being key to its overwhelming success, then the magazine and the set of values represented by it can be subject to scientific investigation. The purpose of this study is to prove the existence of this correlation by comparing the sociological characteristics of two societies situated in different geographic locations at different times.

scholarly journals The influence of light and relative humidity on the formation of epsomite in cadmium yellow and French ultramarine modern oil paints

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Harrison ◽  
Judith Lee ◽  
Bronwyn Ormsby ◽  
David J. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Oil Paints ◽  
Sulphate Salts

AbstractThe effect of relative humidity (RH) and light on the development of epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O) in Winsor & Newton cadmium yellow (CY) and French ultramarine (FU) artists’ oil colour paints was investigated. Tube paint samples were aged for 12 weeks at either 50% or 75% RH, under ambient light (200 ± 1 lx), elevated light (11,807 ± 328 lx), and near-dark conditions. Aged paint samples were characterised using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicated that ageing at 75% RH in elevated light conditions, promoted the formation of hydrated magnesium sulphate (MgSO4·6–7H2O) crystals on the surface of both paints. The formation of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) as a degradation product of French ultramarine oil paints after ageing at 75% RH in elevated light conditions is described. The formation of magnesium sulphate crystals in the absence of elevated SO2 is a new finding. For both cadmium yellow and French ultramarine oil paints, the pigments present are a likely source of sulphur, enabling the formation of sulphate salts, i.e., cadmium sulphide (CdS) yellow, and the sulphur radical anions (S3−) present in ultramarine pigment. Sulphur-containing impurities arising from pigment manufacture are an additional possibility. It was previously theorised that epsomite formation in water-sensitive twentieth century oil paintings resulted from exposure to the elevated atmospheric sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels of the 1950s–1970s. This study demonstrates that hydromagnesite-containing cadmium yellow and French ultramarine oil paints of any period may be vulnerable to water-soluble sulphate salts formation and that this process is promoted by exposure to light and high (75%) RH environments. The formation of sulphate salts as a degradation product is known to contribute toward the development of water sensitivity of modern oil paintings which can pose significant challenges to conservation. Therefore this study highlights the importance of minimising exposure to light and raised relative humidity for paintings containing such CY and FU oil paint passages, to help slow down these types of degradation phenomena which have implications for preservation.

scholarly journals Younis Rauf Dildar's Diary Between Biographies and Novelism

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Abdulah ◽  
Lanja A. Ghareeb
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Scientific Investigation

The emergence of writing biographies among Kurds has long history which began in the late of 19th century. Thus, started with Wafaey in 1895 who wrote down his biography but this wasn’t developed until the 90s of twentieth century and their number was countable. After 90s, writing biographies was focused more and developed. This investigation tries to care about biography and its title is (Younis Rauf –Dildar-'s diary between biographies and novelism). Due to lack of scientific investigation about biography in general and having no academic research specifically for Dildar and the importance of this biography in Kurdish literature was among the major reasons for choosing this topic. This article is specified for personal biography of Younis Rauf (Dildar). Although it is a personal biography, it is a highly texted literature and tries to specify the mechanisms which makes this biography to seem as a novel. The field of this investigation is two literature genre which are novel and personal biography.

scholarly journals Rockefeller Bureaucracy and Circumknowing Science in the Mid-Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 779-796
Author(s):  
Michael J. Barany
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
South American ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
Warren Weaver

This article examines evaluation principles and techniques and their associated bureaucratic practices from the early decades of Rockefeller science philanthropy. I characterize the distinctive kinds of expertise about science that such philanthropy presumed and cultivated based on analyses of, first, documents connected to interventions in European and South American mathematics and, second, a 1946 handbook prepared by Warren Weaver to guide new programme officers. Rockefeller officers developed elaborate infrastructures for understanding and intervening in the personal and institutional conditions of scientific investigation, while deliberately diverting attention away from the particulars of the science they supported. Their approach, indicative of operating strategies and assumptions for scientific funding bodies in this period, shaped access and authority across the major enterprises of late modern science, defining both what science and which scientists could benefit from new resources and opportunities.

scholarly journals The role of the polymeric network in the water sensitivity of modern oil paints

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo La Nasa ◽  
Judith Lee ◽  
Ilaria Degano ◽  
Aviva Burnstock ◽  
Klaas Jan van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Network ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Oil Paints
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document