scholarly journals Detection of chemical elements related to impurities leached from raw sugarcane: Use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and chemometrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes Andrade ◽  
Wesley Nascimento Guedes ◽  
Fabiola Manhas Verbi Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Characterisation of Minor Chemical Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Richard Viskup ◽  
Christoph Wolf ◽  
Werner Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Diesel Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

In this research, we investigate the minor chemical elements contained in the diesel particulate matter (DPM) exhaust emissions, generated by in-use diesel engine passenger vehicles. For this purpose, we apply a high-resolution optical emission spectroscopy technique, for precise spectrochemical analysis of diesel particulate matter. By means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analytical method, we qualitatively and quantitatively characterise detected minor chemical elements in DPM. Particulate matter samples were obtained from in-use diesel engine passenger vehicles of diverse types and models from major brand car producers in Europe. We analysed particulate matter, extracted from the exhaust manifold part, from vehicles, which are used in daily life environment. The LIBS technique has revealed the presence of minor chemical elements in DPM -silicon, nickel, titan, potassium, strontium, and molybdenum with diverse concentrations.

Identification of Contamination Levels and the Microstructure of Metal Injection Moulded Titanium

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ewart ◽  
Harrisson Jull ◽  
Rainer Künnemeyer ◽  
Peter N. Schaare
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Injection Moulding Process ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Electron Dispersion

The chemical elements used in the binder system for the injection moulding of titanium metal powders will change the final composition when not adequately controlled. Excess levels of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen adversly effect the mechanical properties by embrittlement. Before sintering debinding is done to remove the maximum possible amount binder thereby ensuring residual carbon levels are minimal. Testing the mechanical properties of samples can acknowledge deficiencies in the final part however, identification of the nature of the deficiencies is not so simple.In this work titanium-based metal parts were made using the metal injection moulding process and the microstructure was inspected. The investigation used scanning electron microscopy imaging, electron dispersion spectroscopy point and area mapping, LECO trace analysis and X-ray diffraction elemental mapping. Following this samples were ground and polished before immersing their surfaces in an etching solution to further expose the microstructure. Although the data collected from debinding indicated the binder had been removed prior to sintering contamination was still evident. This result showed that the traditional means of reporting binder levels in proportion to part mass after debinding is inaccurate. Subsequently laser induced breakdown spectroscopy was trialed as a method by which to determine the binder levels for parts in the green, grey, brown and sintered form.Interstitial carbon is a known alpha stabiliser however excess carbon on particle surfaces may impinge on particle coalesence limiting density levels. Comparison of the part mass method of binder determination with the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy results showed that the mass determination method was more accurate for the green and grey parts but the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy results were able to detect the residual binder more accurately for brown and sintered parts.

scholarly journals Quantification of Minor Chemical Elements in Particulate Matter Collected from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6113
Author(s):  
Richard Viskup ◽  
Christoph Wolf ◽  
Werner Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Internal Calibration ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

This research qualitatively and quantitatively characterises the minor chemical elements in diesel particulate matter (DPM). DPM was extracted from in-use diesel engine passenger vehicles of diverse types and models from major brand car producers in Europe. We analysed particulate matter extracted from the exhaust manifold part from passenger vehicles that are used in daily life environment. To qualitatively and quantitatively characterise the DPM, we employed the high-resolution Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analytical technique (LIBS). Qualitative spectrochemical LIBS analyses confirmed the presence of minor chemical elements—silicon, nickel, titan, potassium, strontium, and molybdenum in DPM. For quantification of the LIBS signal, the calibration functions were constructed from internal calibration standards. Different concentrations of detected minor elements Si, Ni, Ti, K, Sr, and Mo were measured with respect to the type of complex particulate matter.

scholarly journals Comparison of Calibration Approaches in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Proximal Soil Sensing in Precision Agriculture

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riebe ◽  
Erler ◽  
Brinkmann ◽  
Beitz ◽  
Löhmannsröben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Reference Analysis ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

The lack of soil data, which are relevant, reliable, affordable, immediately available, and sufficiently detailed, is still a significant challenge in precision agriculture. A promising technology for the spatial assessment of the distribution of chemical elements within fields, without sample preparation is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Its advantages are contrasted by a strong matrix dependence of the LIBS signal which necessitates careful data evaluation. In this work, different calibration approaches for soil LIBS data are presented. The data were obtained from 139 soil samples collected on two neighboring agricultural fields in a quaternary landscape of northeast Germany with very variable soils. Reference analysis was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy after wet digestion. The major nutrients Ca and Mg and the minor nutrient Fe were investigated. Three calibration strategies were compared. The first method was based on univariate calibration by standard addition using just one soil sample and applying the derived calibration model to the LIBS data of both fields. The second univariate model derived the calibration from the reference analytics of all samples from one field. The prediction is validated by LIBS data of the second field. The third method is a multivariate calibration approach based on partial least squares regression (PLSR). The LIBS spectra of the first field are used for training. Validation was carried out by 20-fold cross-validation using the LIBS data of the first field and independently on the second field data. The second univariate method yielded better calibration and prediction results compared to the first method, since matrix effects were better accounted for. PLSR did not strongly improve the prediction in comparison to the second univariate method.

Ultrafast Elemental Mapping of Platinum Group Elements and Mineral Identification in Platinum-Palladium Ore Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheireddine Rifai ◽  
Lütfü-Çelebi Özcan ◽  
François R. Doucet ◽  
Kyle Rhoderick ◽  
François Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Elemental Maps ◽  
Mineral Identification

This paper demonstrates the capability of performing an ultrafast chemical mapping of drill cores collected from a platinum/palladium mine using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A scan of 40 mm × 30 mm was performed, using a commercial LIBS analyzer, onto the flat surface of a drill core with a scanning speed of 1000 Hz, and a spatial resolution of 50 µm, in about 8 min. Maps of the scanned areas for seven chemical elements (platinum, palladium, nickel, copper, iron, silicon, and magnesium), as well as a single map including the seven elements altogether, were then generated using the proprietary software integrated into the LIBS analyzer. Based on the latter image, seven minerals were identified using the principal component analysis (PCA) and correlations with the elemental maps.

scholarly journals Review of Element Analysis of Industrial Materials by In-Line Laser—Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9274
Author(s):  
Johannes D. Pedarnig ◽  
Stefan Trautner ◽  
Stefan Grünberger ◽  
Nikolaos Giannakaris ◽  
Simon Eschlböck-Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Industrial Materials

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapidly developing technique for chemical materials analysis. LIBS is applied for fundamental investigations, e.g., the laser plasma matter interaction, for element, molecule, and isotope analysis, and for various technical applications, e.g., minimal destructive materials inspection, the monitoring of production processes, and remote analysis of materials in hostile environment. In this review, we focus on the element analysis of industrial materials and the in-line chemical sensing in industrial production. After a brief introduction we discuss the optical emission of chemical elements in laser-induced plasma and the capability of LIBS for multi-element detection. An overview of the various classes of industrial materials analyzed by LIBS is given. This includes so-called Technology materials that are essential for the functionality of modern high-tech devices (smartphones, computers, cars, etc.). The LIBS technique enables unique applications for rapid element analysis under harsh conditions where other techniques are not available. We present several examples of LIBS-based sensors that are applied in-line and at-line of industrial production processes.

scholarly journals Qualitative Characterisation of Trace Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Viskup ◽  
Christoph Wolf ◽  
Werner Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

In this research, we applied laser-plasma spectroscopy technique for the measurement of trace chemical elements in the exhaust emissions generated from in-use diesel engine passenger vehicles. We use high resolution laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique for diagnostics of soot and particulate matter (PM). Here we analysed soot and PM, extracted from exhaust manifold part, from different passenger vehicles that are used in daily life environment. The main aim of this study is to reveal the trace chemical elements in different PM matrices. The presence of trace elements in exhaust emissions can originate from different sources: from injected fuel type and fuel additives, engine lubricants, engine combustion process, incomplete catalytic reaction, inefficiency or wear out of PM filtering devices, dysfunctions or failures of engine or vehicle or even information related to polluted intake air.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the On-Line Multielement Analysis of Highly Radioactive Glass Melt Simulants. Part II: Analyses of Molten Glass Samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Il Yun ◽  
Reinhardt Klenze ◽  
Jae-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molten Glass ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Multielement Analysis ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Glass Melts ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
On Line

The paper presents the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the on-line multielement analyses of glass melts in a vitrification process of high level liquid waste (HLLW). The third harmonic pulse of an Nd:YAG laser is used for the generation of plasma on the molten glass surface and the plasma emission is monitored by an echelle spectrometer with an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD), which simultaneously covers the wavelength range from 200 to 780 nm. Twelve different reference HLLW glass melts with a complex composition of about 27 chemical elements are simulated on a laboratory scale, varying the HLLW component concentration. By real-time analyses of the reference glasses at 1200 °C, the analytical method is calibrated. A multivariate regression approach with partial least squares (PLS) is used for the data evaluation. The LIBS method thus calibrated is then applied for the multielement analysis of molten glass samples from the prototype vitrification plant under operation in our institute. The results underline that the LIBS method can be applied to a vitrification process for the on-line multielement analysis of highly radioactive glass melts.

scholarly journals Using Mg/Ca Ratios from the Limpet Patella depressa Pennant, 1777 Measured by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to Reconstruct Paleoclimate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2959
Author(s):  
Asier García-Escárzaga ◽  
Marina Martínez-Minchero ◽  
Adolfo Cobo ◽  
Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti ◽  
Alvaro Arrizabalaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Shell Carbonate ◽  
Time Required

Measurement of the elemental composition of shells is increasingly emerging as an avenue for obtaining high-resolution insights into paleoclimate and past seasonality. Several studies have shown significant correlations between Mg/Ca ratios measured on shell carbonate and the sea surface temperature (SST) within which this carbonate was precipitated. However, other investigations have reported large variability in this relationship between species. Therefore, further studies, including taxa previously not considered are still required in order to validate these new species as suitable climate proxies. Here, we measured Mg/Ca ratios for limpet Patella depressa Pennant, 1777 samples live-collected in northern Spain for the first time. The elemental ratio was measured using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a technique that significantly decreases the time required for sample preparation and increases the number of shells that can be analyzed. In this study, calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) methods were applied to estimate molar concentrations of chemical elements on biogenic calcium carbonate. The Mg/Ca ratio evolution along the shell growth axis was compared with stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) profiles obtained from these same limpets and the SST at the place where the mollusk grew to determine if the sequences obtained correctly reflected environmental conditions during the life-span of the mollusk. The results showed a significant correlation between Mg/Ca ratio series and both δ18O profiles and SST, highlighting the paleoenvironmental and archaeological potential of LIBS analyses on this mollusk species that is frequently found in archaeological contexts in the western Europe.

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