Thymol, cardamom and Lactobacillus plantarum nanoparticles as a functional candy with high protection against Streptococcus mutans and tooth decay

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 104481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayyer Karimi ◽  
Vahid Jabbari ◽  
Aylar Nazemi ◽  
Khudaverdi Ganbarov ◽  
Nasrin Karimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Decay

scholarly journals Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans produces strain-specific antibiotics that impair commensal colonization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Yuta Kudo ◽  
Jonathon Baker ◽  
Sandra LaBonte ◽  
Peter A. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Tetramic Acid ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Caries Tooth

Streptococcus mutans is a common constituent of dental plaque and an etiologic agent of dental caries (tooth decay). Here we elucidate a biosynthetic pathway, encoded by globally distributed strains of S. mutans, which produces a series of bioactive small molecules including reutericyclin and two N-acyl tetramic acid analogues active against oral commensal bacteria. This pathway may provide S. mutans with a competitive advantage, promoting dysbiosis and caries pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Understanding the Basis of METH Mouth Using a Rodent Model of Methamphetamine Injection, Sugar Consumption, and Streptococcus mutans Infection

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiu Ham Lee ◽  
Preethi Sudhakara ◽  
Shreena Desai ◽  
Kildare Miranda ◽  
Luis R. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Tooth Grinding ◽  
Oral Tissue ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT “METH mouth” is a common consequence of chronic methamphetamine (METH) use, resulting in tooth decay and painful oral tissue inflammation that can progress to complete tooth loss. METH reduces the amount of saliva in the mouth, promoting bacterial growth, tooth decay, and oral tissue damage. This oral condition is worsened by METH users’ compulsive behavior, including high rates of consumption of sugary drinks, recurrent tooth grinding, and a lack of frequent oral hygiene. Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium found in the oral cavity and associated with caries in humans. Hence, we developed a murine model of METH administration, sugar intake, and S. mutans infection to mimic METH mouth in humans and to investigate the impact of this drug on tooth colonization. We demonstrated that the combination of METH and sucrose stimulates S. mutans tooth adhesion, growth, and biofilm formation in vivo. METH and sucrose increased the expression of S. mutans glycosyltransferases and lactic acid production. Moreover, METH contributes to the low environmental pH and S. mutans sucrose metabolism, providing a plausible mechanism for bacterium-mediated tooth decay. Daily oral rinse treatment with chlorhexidine significantly reduces tooth colonization in METH- and sucrose-treated mice. Furthermore, human saliva inhibits S. mutans colonization and biofilm formation after exposure to either sucrose or the combination of METH and sucrose. These findings suggest that METH might increase the risk of microbial dental disease in users, information that may help in the development of effective public health strategies to deal with this scourge in our society. IMPORTANCE “METH mouth” is characterized by severe tooth decay and gum disease, which often causes teeth to break or fall out. METH users are also prone to colonization by cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. In addition, this oral condition is aggravated by METH users’ compulsive behavior, including the consumption of beverages with high sugar content, recurrent tooth grinding, and a lack of frequent oral hygiene. We investigated the effects of METH and sugar consumption on S. mutans biofilm formation and tooth colonization. Using a murine model of METH administration, sucrose ingestion, and oral infection, we found that the combination of METH and sucrose increases S. mutans adhesion and biofilm formation on the teeth of C57BL/6 mice. However, daily chlorhexidine-based oral rinse treatment reduces S. mutans tooth colonization. Similarly, METH has been associated with dry mouth or hyposalivation in users. Hence, we assessed the impact of human saliva on biofilm formation and demonstrated that surface preconditioning with saliva substantially reduces S. mutans biofilm formation. Our results are significant because to our knowledge, this is the first basic science study focused on elucidating the fundamentals of METH mouth using a rodent model of prolonged drug injection and S. mutans oral infection. Our findings may have important translational implications for the development of treatments for the management of METH mouth and more effective preventive public health strategies that can be applied to provide effective dental care for METH users in prisons, drug treatment centers, and health clinics.

Diagnosis and detection of VicK gene in Streptococcus mutans isolated from the saliva of patients with diabetic type 2 with tooth decay in the Iraqi population

2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Susan F.Khadhem Al-Sudani ◽  
Laheeb R. Hamad ◽  
Fattma A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Random Blood Sugar ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Pcr Products

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is gradually becoming more common in Iraq. Salivary changes and proliferation of specific bacterial communities cause oral disease that can adversely affect systemic conditions such as diabetes. Fifty saliva samples were collected from people with T2DM suffering from tooth decay and twenty-five people without T2DM suffering from tooth decay. The periodontal status, the extent of the root surface, and coronal caries were evaluated. Saliva was cultured for investigating Streptococcus mutans. The results showed that patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly more severe Periodontitis and a higher prevalence and magnitude of bacterial caries. Diabetic subjects had higher levels of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Random Blood Sugar (R.B.S.). The S. mutans diagnosis by PCR for Sanger Sequencing technique by using VicK gene sequences (1300bp). The PCR products of the isolate were submitted to Macrogen Company for sequencing. Selected seven isolates as new isolates registered in global gene bank as locally S. Mutans isolates in Bagdad city/Iraq and their accepted accession numbers include LOCUS MT603520, MT603521, MT603522, MT603523, MT603524, MT603525,and MT603526 of nucleotide sequence. The VicK genes isolates' phylogenetic trees revealed a genotype that was closely connected to other isolates in GenBank. Furthermore, gene sequencing demonstrated a success rate of 99 percent. resemblance to other isolates in the GenBank database The likelihood of a link between S. Mutans and dental carries was determined by these findings.

scholarly journals Metabolic Modeling of Streptococcus mutans Reveals Complex Nutrient Requirements of an Oral Pathogen

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Jijakli ◽  
Paul A. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Oral Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Genome

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium that thrives under acidic conditions and is a primary cause of tooth decay (dental caries). To better understand the metabolism of S. mutans on a systematic level, we manually constructed a genome-scale metabolic model of the S. mutans type strain UA159. The model, called iSMU, contains 675 reactions involving 429 metabolites and the products of 493 genes. We validated iSMU by comparing simulations with growth experiments in defined medium. The model simulations matched experimental results for 17 of 18 carbon source utilization assays and 47 of 49 nutrient depletion assays. We also simulated the effects of single gene deletions. The model’s predictions agreed with 78.1% and 84.4% of the gene essentiality predictions from two experimental data sets. Our manually curated model is more accurate than S. mutans models generated from automated reconstruction pipelines and more complete than other manually curated models. We used iSMU to generate hypotheses about the S. mutans metabolic network. Subsequent genetic experiments confirmed that (i) S. mutans catabolizes sorbitol via a sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase (SMU_308) and (ii) the Leloir pathway is required for growth on complex carbohydrates such as raffinose. We believe the iSMU model is an important resource for understanding the metabolism of S. mutans and guiding future experiments. IMPORTANCE Tooth decay is the most prevalent chronic disease in the United States. Decay is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, an oral pathogen that ferments sugars into tooth-destroying lactic acid. We constructed a complete metabolic model of S. mutans to systematically investigate how the bacterium grows. The model provides a valuable resource for understanding and targeting S. mutans’ ability to outcompete other species in the oral microbiome.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8724 towards Streptococcus mutans- and Candida albicans-Induced Caries in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qiuxiang Zhang ◽  
Sujia Qin ◽  
Xianyin Xu ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Streptococcus mutans is a recognized cariogenic bacterium and a major producer of biofilm matrix. The presence of Candida albicans in dental plaque with S. mutans enhances the virulence leading to the onset of rampant caries which is similar to early childhood caries (ECC). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8724 (CCFM8724) on the treatment and prevention of dental caries induced by S. mutans and C. albicans in vivo. Rats were divided into 6 groups: the control group and model group, 2 treatment groups, and 2 prevention groups (0.02% chlorhexidine or CCFM8724). The fluctuation of microbial colonization and the change of bacteria flora in rat oral cavity after sowing of L. plantarum CCFM8724 were investigated by colony-forming units (CFU) and microflora analysis. The caries of rats were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and Keyes scoring method. The results showed that L. plantarum CCFM8724 in both the treatment and prevention groups could significantly decrease the population of S. mutans and C. albicans in the rats’ oral cavity ( p < 0.001 ), the mineral loss of enamel ( p < 0.05 ), and the scores of caries ( p < 0.05 ). Besides, L. plantarum CCFM8724 exhibited better effects than chlorhexidine. Hence, L. plantarum CCFM8724 was proved to be a potential oral probiotic on caries treatment and prevention in vivo and it may have the prospect of application in dental caries (especially ECC) prevention products.

scholarly journals Intervening in Symbiotic Cross-Kingdom Biofilm Interactions: a Binding Mechanism-Based Nonmicrobicidal Approach

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Kim ◽  
A. Dhall ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
M. Bawazir ◽  
H. Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Early childhood caries is a severe oral disease that results in aggressive tooth decay. Particularly, a synergistic association between a fungus, Candida albicans, and a cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans, promotes the development of hard-to-remove and highly acidic biofilms, exacerbating the virulent damage. These interactions are largely mediated via glucosyltransferases (GtfB) binding to mannans on the cell wall of C. albicans. Here, we present an enzymatic approach to target GtfB-mannan interactions in this cross-kingdom consortium using mannan-degrading exo- and endo-enzymes. These exo- and endo-enzymes are highly effective in reducing biofilm biomass without killing microorganisms, as well as alleviating the production of an acidic pH environment conducive to tooth decay. To corroborate these results, we present biophysical evidence using single-molecule atomic force microscopy, biofilm shearing, and enamel surface topography analyses. Data show a drastic decrease in binding forces of GtfB to C. albicans (∼15-fold reduction) following enzyme treatment. Furthermore, enzymatic activity disrupted biofilm mechanical stability and significantly reduced human tooth enamel demineralization without cytotoxic effects on gingival keratinocytes. Our results represent significant progress toward a novel nonbiocidal therapeutic intervention against pathogenic bacterial-fungal biofilms by targeting the interkingdom receptor-ligand binding interactions. IMPORTANCE Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor responsible for various infectious diseases. Particularly, interactions between a fungus, Candida albicans, and a bacterium, Streptococcus mutans, have been known to play important roles in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Although some antimicrobials have been applied to treat fungal-involved biofilm-associated diseases, these often lack targeting polymicrobial interactions. Furthermore, these may not be appropriate for preventive measures because these antimicrobials may disrupt ecological microbiota and/or induce the prevalence of drug resistance over time. By specifically targeting the interaction mechanism whereby mannoproteins on the C. albicans surface mediate the cross-kingdom interaction, we demonstrated that mannoprotein-degrading enzymes can effectively disrupt biofilm interactions without microbiocidal effects or causing cytotoxicity to human cells. This suggests a potential application as a targeted approach for intervening a pathogenic cross-kingdom biofilm associated with a costly and unresolved oral disease.

scholarly journals Teichoic acids from chemostat-grown cultures of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus plantarum.

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Wicken ◽  
J D Evans ◽  
L K Campbell ◽  
K W Knox
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Teichoic Acids

Lemon myrtle extract inhibits lactate production by Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 2185-2190
Author(s):  
Yukinori Yabuta ◽  
Yui Sato ◽  
Arisu Miki ◽  
Ryuta Nagata ◽  
Tomohiro Bito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity

ABSTRACT Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle) extract has been found to inhibit glucansucrase activity, which plays an important role in biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. In addition to glucansucrase, various virulence factors in S. mutans are involved in the initiation of caries. Lactate produced by S. mutans demineralizes the tooth enamel. This study investigated whether lemon myrtle extract can inhibit S. mutans lactate production. Lemon myrtle extract reduced the glycolytic pH drop in S. mutans culture and inhibited lactate production by at least 46%. Ellagic acid, quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin, major polyphenols in lemon myrtle, reduced the glycolytic pH drop and lactate production, but not lactate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, these polyphenols reduced the viable S. mutans cell count. Thus, lemon myrtle extracts may inhibit S. mutans-mediated acidification of the oral cavity, thereby preventing dental caries and tooth decay.

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