High glucose upregulates CYP24A1 expression which attenuates the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to increase NGF secretion in a rat Schwann cell line RSC96

2015 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Kun Zhou ◽  
Zhi Liang ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Hua-Tang Zhang ◽  
Kun-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
High Glucose

scholarly journals Transposon Mutagenesis-Guided CRISPR/Cas9 Screening Strongly Implicates Dysregulation of Hippo/YAP Signaling in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Development

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Germán L. Vélez-Reyes ◽  
Nicholas Koes ◽  
Ji Hae Ryu ◽  
Gabriel Kaufmann ◽  
Mariah Berner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Suppressor Genes ◽  
Nerve Sheath

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive, genomically complex, have soft tissue sarcomas, and are derived from the Schwann cell lineage. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 syndrome (NF1), an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome, are at a high risk for MPNSTs, which usually develop from pre-existing benign Schwann cell tumors called plexiform neurofibromas. NF1 is characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the NF1 gene, which encode neurofibromin, a Ras GTPase activating protein (GAP) and negative regulator of RasGTP-dependent signaling. In addition to bi-allelic loss of NF1, other known tumor suppressor genes include TP53, CDKN2A, SUZ12, and EED, all of which are often inactivated in the process of MPNST growth. A sleeping beauty (SB) transposon-based genetic screen for high-grade Schwann cell tumors in mice, and comparative genomics, implicated Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and other pathways in MPNST development and progression. We endeavored to more systematically test genes and pathways implicated by our SB screen in mice, i.e., in a human immortalized Schwann cell-based model and a human MPNST cell line, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We individually induced loss-of-function mutations in 103 tumor suppressor genes (TSG) and oncogene candidates. We assessed anchorage-independent growth, transwell migration, and for a subset of genes, tumor formation in vivo. When tested in a loss-of-function fashion, about 60% of all TSG candidates resulted in the transformation of immortalized human Schwann cells, whereas 30% of oncogene candidates resulted in growth arrest in a MPNST cell line. Individual loss-of-function mutations in the TAOK1, GDI2, NF1, and APC genes resulted in transformation of immortalized human Schwann cells and tumor formation in a xenograft model. Moreover, the loss of all four of these genes resulted in activation of Hippo/Yes Activated Protein (YAP) signaling. By combining SB transposon mutagenesis and CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we established a useful pipeline for the validation of MPNST pathways and genes. Our results suggest that the functional genetic landscape of human MPNST is complex and implicate the Hippo/YAP pathway in the transformation of neurofibromas. It is thus imperative to functionally validate individual cancer genes and pathways using human cell-based models, to determinate their role in different stages of MPNST development, growth, and/or metastasis.

scholarly journals Toxicity Induced by Cytokines, Glucose, and Lipids Increase Apoptosis and Hamper Insulin Secretion in the 1.1E7 Beta Cell-Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2559
Author(s):  
Antonia Diaz-Ganete ◽  
Aranzazu Quiroga-de-Castro ◽  
Rosa M. Mateos ◽  
Francisco Medina ◽  
Carmen Segundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Beta Cell Line ◽  
Starting Point

Basic research on types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus require early stage studies using beta cells or cell lines, ideally of human origin and with preserved insulin secretion in response to glucose. The 1.1E7 cells are a hybrid cell line resulting from the electrofusion of dispersed human islets and PANC-1 cells, capable of secreting insulin in response to glucose, but their survival and function under toxic conditions remains untested. This characterization is the purpose of the present study. We treated these cells with a cytokine mix, high glucose, palmitate, and the latter two combined. Under these conditions, we measured cell viability and apoptosis (MTT, Caspase Glo and TUNEL assays, as well as caspase-8 and -9 levels by Western blotting), endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (EIF2AK3, HSPA4, EIF2a, and HSPA5) by real-time PCR, and insulin secretion with a glucose challenge. All of these stimuli (i) induce apoptosis and ER stress markers expression, (ii) reduce mRNA amounts of 2–5 components of genes involved in the insulin secretory pathway, and (iii) abrogate the insulin release capability of 1.1E7 cells in response to glucose. The most pronounced effects were observed with cytokines and with palmitate and high glucose combined. This characterization may well serve as the starting point for those choosing this cell line for future basic research on certain aspects of diabetes.

scholarly journals Reversal of the Caspase-Dependent Apoptotic Cytotoxicity Pathway by Taurine fromLycium barbarum(Goji Berry) in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: Potential Benefit in Diabetic Retinopathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Song ◽  
B. D. Roufogalis ◽  
T. H. W. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Cytoprotective Effect ◽  
Pigment Epithelial

Diabetic retinopathy is a preventable microvascular diabetic complication and a leading cause of vision loss. Retinal pigment epithelial cell apoptosis is an early event in diabetic retinopathy. Taurine is reportedly beneficial for diabetic retinopathy and is abundant in the fruit ofLycium barbarum(LB). We have investigated the effect of pure taurine and an extract of LB rich in taurine on a model of diabetic retinopathy, the retinal ARPE-19 cell line exposed to high glucose. We demonstrate for the first time that LB extract and the active ligand, taurine, dose dependently enhance cell viability following high glucose treatment in the ARPE-19 retinal epithelial cell line. This cytoprotective effect was associated with the attenuation of high glucose-induced apoptosis, which was shown by characteristic morphological staining and the dose-dependent decrease in the number of apoptotic cells, determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, we have shown that LB extract and taurine dose dependently downregulate caspase-3 protein expression and the enzymatic activity of caspase-3. We conclude that taurine, a major component of LB, and the LB extract, have a cytoprotective effect against glucose exposure in a human retinal epithelial cell line and may provide useful approaches to delaying diabetic retinopathy progression.

High glucose induces enhanced expression of resistin in human U937 monocyte-like cell line by MAPK- and NF-kB-dependent mechanisms; the modulating effect of insulin

2010 ◽  
Vol 343 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Stan ◽  
Manuela Calin ◽  
Ileana Manduteanu ◽  
Monica Pirvulescu ◽  
Ana-Maria Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Enhanced Expression

cAMP-induced morphological changes in an immortalized schwann cell line: A prelude to differentiation?

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. De Deyne ◽  
George H. De Vries ◽  
John W. Bigbee
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Morphological Changes

scholarly journals Selective Attenuation of Metabolic Branch of Insulin Receptor Down-signaling by High Glucose in a Hepatoma Cell Line, HepG2 Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 275 (27) ◽  
pp. 20880-20886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nakajima ◽  
Keishi Yamauchi ◽  
Satoshi Shigematsu ◽  
Sachiko Ikeo ◽  
Mitsuhisa Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line Hepg2
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