scholarly journals Testosterone implants in women: Pharmacological dosing for a physiologic effect

Maturitas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Glaser ◽  
Sophia Kalantaridou ◽  
Constantine Dimitrakakis
Keyword(s):  
Physiologic Effect

Can Mozart Improve Weight Gain and Development of Feeding Skills in Premature Infants? A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Lafferty ◽  
Amy Mackley ◽  
Pam Green ◽  
Deborah Ottenthal ◽  
Robert Locke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Piano Sonata ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Physiologic Effect ◽  
Feeding Skills ◽  
Very Premature Infants

Objective The study aimed to assess in a prospective randomized study the effect of Mozart's music on time to regain birth weight (BW) and development of oral feeding skills in babies born between 280/7 and 316/7 weeks of gestation. Study Design Healthy premature infants born between 280/7 and 316/7 completed weeks of gestation were randomized within 3 days of birth to either music or no music exposure. Infants in the music group were exposed to Mozart's double piano sonata twice per day for 14 days. The primary outcome was time to regain birth weight. The secondary outcome was development of oral feeding skills as evaluated by a speech/language pathologist blinded to the intervention. We hypothesized that exposure to Mozart's double piano sonata would decrease time to regain BW and improve feeding skills. A total of 32 newborns were needed to detect a 3-day difference in time to regain BW. Results Forty infants were enrolled and randomized. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the time to regain BW (p = 0.181) and the time to achievement of full oral feeds (p = 0.809). Conclusion Exposure to Mozart's double piano sonata for 14 days after birth did not significantly improve time to regain BW or time to achieve full oral feedings in very premature infants. It is possible that Mozart's music has no effect or that the duration of music exposure was not sufficient to have a physiologic effect on growth and oral feeding skills. Key Points

The Pathophysiology of Multi-System Organ Failure in the Trauma Patient

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann N. Hotter
Keyword(s):  
Organ Failure ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Organ System Failure ◽  
Trauma Mortality ◽  
Physiologic Effect ◽  
System Organ

Multiple trauma mortality in the critical care setting most often occurs as a result of multi-system organ failure (MSOF). Mortality rates increase exponentially as successive organ systems fail. Although the role of shock in determining patient outcome has been extensively investigated, inflammatory factors and sepsis are becoming increasingly implicated in the development of MSOF. The physiologic effect of these factors on individual organ systems is explained. Signs, symptoms, and key criteria for determining organ system failure also are presented to assist the nurse in recognition and prevention

Candicidin: Physiologic effect on prostate

Urology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sporer ◽  
Stephen Cohen ◽  
Madhav H. Kamat ◽  
Joseph J. Seebode
Keyword(s):  
Physiologic Effect

Calcium Ionophore A23187 (Eli Lilly)

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 072-082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik H Mürer ◽  
Gwendolyn J Stewart ◽  
Michael A Rausch ◽  
H. James Day
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Inosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Physiologic Effect

SummaryThe addition of 0.1 μM ionophore A23187 to washed platelets incubated in citrated saline caused massive release of stored serotonin accompanied by intracellular accumulation of inosine monophosphate, but produced no detectable influx of externally added calcium or abnormal structural alterations. With increasing ionophore concentration there was a significant influx of calcium and a drastic alteration in the platelet ultrastructure. The increase in ionophore concentration was accompanied by the conversion of the major part of metabolic adenine nucleotides to inosine monophosphate and an almost complete blockage of further conversion to inosine and hypoxanthine. The metabolic changes were accentuated by the addition of calcium at concentrations less than 1/10 of the citrate concentration. In the presence of Ca++, or when citrate was omitted, there was a substantial leakage of cytoplasmic material, which at times suggested complete exchangeability between cytoplasm and extracellular medium. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the platelet release reaction is triggered by intracellularly bound calcium. They also suggest that the application of high ionophore concentration has a toxicologic rather than a physiologic effect on platelets, and that a weak chelator added during incubation with the ionophore can in the absence of divalent cations prevent cell destruction, but not the toxic effect on cell metabolism.

Studies on Experimental Concussion: Relation of Physiologic Effect to Time Duration of Intracranial Pressure Increase at Impact

Neurology ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 674-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Gurdjian ◽  
H. R. Lissner ◽  
J. E. Webster ◽  
F. R. Latimer ◽  
B. F. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Physiologic Effect

Epinephrine-Induced Sickle Red Cell Adhesion and Vaso-Occlusion In Vivo Is Inhibited by the β-Adrenoceptor Blocker Propranolol.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 364-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahima Zennadi ◽  
Benjamin J. Moeller ◽  
Erin J. Whalen ◽  
Mark W. Dewhirst ◽  
Marilyn J. Telen
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
Physiologic Effect ◽  
Propranolol Administration ◽  
Signaling Activation

Abstract Painful vaso-occlusive episodes in SCD are commonly associated with infection and other less definable stressors. Since epinephrine activates sickle red cell (SS RBC) adhesion in vitro, we studied the physiologic effect of adrenoceptor signaling activation by epinephrine on SS RBC adhesion to endothelium in vivo. We also investigated whether β-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol would reduce adhesion and vaso-occlusion. Boluses of washed fluorescently labeled human SS RBCs, treated with epinephrine or vehicle in vitro, were infused into anesthetized athymic nude mice with window chambers implanted into their dorsal skin. Intravital microscopy of contralateral subdermal microvasculature was then performed to observe the dynamic interactions between flowing human SS RBCs and non-activated endothelium. Epinephrine induced human SS RBC adhesion, with frequent postcapillary obstruction. In contrast, neither sham-treated SS RBCs nor epinephrine-treated normal RBCs adhered appreciably to endothelium. Blood flow rates in venules of mice infused with epinephrine-treated SS RBCs was dramatically decreased, with fluxes of 19667±9048 and 6622±1494 circulating RBC/min/μm2 for sham-treated and epinephrine-treated cells, respectively (p=0.0074). SS RBC trapping in lung, spleen and kidney was assessed by fluorescence microscopy of frozen tissue sections collected 30 minutes post injection. Sham-treated SS RBCs were trapped to some degree in the lungs and spleen but only minimally in the kidney. However, epinephrine treatment markedly increased SS RBC trapping in all organs. To quantitate cell survival, sham-treated and epinephrine-treated SS RBCs labeled with different fluorescent dyes were co-infused into the same mouse. Blood samples were collected at intervals after infusion and analyzed by flow cytometry. Ten minutes after infusion, the percentage of circulating sham-treated SS RBCs was 3-fold higher than for epinephrine-treated cells, thus showing an inverse relationship between the percentage of circulating SS RBCs and the degree to which these cells were trapped in the organs studied. Finally, to determine whether propranolol can block epinephrine-induced SS RBC adhesion, SS RBCs were pretreated with propranolol, followed by treatment with epinephrine, then washed before infusion. Propranolol significantly inhibited the effect of epinephrine on SS RBC adhesion, resulting in markedly decreased obstruction of postcapillary vessels. Propranolol improved epinephrine-treated SS RBC circulation, with fluxes of 18809±7868, 3560±1443 and 16722±4985 circulating RBCs/min/μm2 for propranolol-treated, epinephrine-treated, and propranolol+epinephrine-treated cells, respectively (p<0.0001, propranolol-treated vs epinephrine-treated; p<0.0001, epinephrine-treated vs epinephrine+propranolol-treated). Ten minutes after infusion, the percentage of propranolol+epinephrine-treated SS RBCs in the circulation was similar to the percentage of propranolol-treated SS RBCs. Intravenous propranolol administration also blocked epinephrine-treated SS RBC adhesion, so that epinephrine-treated SS RBCs showed no increased adhesion in animals who received IV propranolol. We have thus demonstrated that (1) the stress hormone epinephrine can induce vaso-occlusion in vivo via activation of SS RBC adhesion, and (2) propranolol can inhibit epinephrine-induced SS RBC adhesion and prevent vaso-occlusion in this setting. Thus, we theorize that β-blockers may be useful in preventing or treating vaso-occlusion in SCD.

Histopathologic and physiologic effect of bifurcation stenting: current status and future prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cornelissen ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Atsushi Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Jinnouchi ◽  
Yu Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Bifurcation Stenting ◽  
Physiologic Effect
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