3D imaging and quantification of porosity in electron beam welded dissimilar steel to Fe-Al alloy joints by X-ray tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumitra Kumar Dinda ◽  
Jason M. Warnett ◽  
Mark A. Williams ◽  
Gour Gopal Roy ◽  
Prakash Srirangam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissimilar Steel

scholarly journals The Blow-Off Impulse Equivalence of Typical Missile Homogeneous Al-Alloy under Multienergy Composite Spectrum Electron Beam and Powerful Pulsed X-ray

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5002
Author(s):  
Dengwang Wang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Shanghui Yang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Composite Spectrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Experiment ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Thermodynamic Effects

The electron beam, one of the most effective approaches to simulate the irradiation effects of powerful pulsed X-ray in the laboratory, plays an important role in simulating the thermodynamic effects of powerful pulsed X-ray. This paper studies the thermodynamics equivalence between multienergy composite spectrum electron beam and blackbody spectrum X-ray, which is helpful to quickly determine the experimental parameters in the simulation experiment. The experimental data of electron beam are extrapolated by numerical calculation, to increase the range of energy flux. Through calculating the blow-off impulse of blackbody spectrum X-ray irradiation, we obtained the curve of X-ray blow-off impulse varying with energy flux, and then found two categories of equivalent relations—equal-energy flux and equal-impulse—by analyzing the calculation results of electron beam and X-ray blow-off impulse. Based on such relations, we could directly or indirectly obtain the results of blackbody spectrum X-ray irradiation blow-off impulse via electron beam experiment.

Aspects of microanalysis in a transmission electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
R. Sinclair ◽  
B.E. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Critical Currents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Transmission Electron

INTRODUCTIONThe prospect of performing chemical analysis of thin specimens at any desired level of resolution is particularly appealing to the materials scientist. Commercial TEM-based systems are now available which virtually provide this capability. The purpose of this contribution is to illustrate its application to problems which would have been intractable until recently, pointing out some current limitations.X-RAY ANALYSISIn an attempt to fabricate superconducting materials with high critical currents and temperature, thin Nb3Sn films have been prepared by electron beam vapor deposition [1]. Fine-grain size material is desirable which may be achieved by codeposition with small amounts of Al2O3 . Figure 1 shows the STEM microstructure, with large (∽ 200 Å dia) voids present at the grain boundaries. Higher quality TEM micrographs (e.g. fig. 2) reveal the presence of small voids within the grains which are absent in pure Nb3Sn prepared under identical conditions. The X-ray spectrum from large (∽ lμ dia) or small (∽100 Ǻ dia) areas within the grains indicates only small amounts of A1 (fig.3).

X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

Searching for the causes why some of the paintings by Mihaly Munkacsy are darkening

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
Imre Pozsgai ◽  
Klara Erdöhalmi-Torok
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Made In ◽  
Grinding And Polishing

The paintings by the great Hungarian master Mihaly Munkacsy (1844-1900) made in an 8-9 years period of his activity are deteriorating. The most conspicuous sign of the deterioration is an intensive darkening. We have made an attempt by electron beam microanalysis to clarify the causes of the darkening. The importance of a study like this is increased by the fact that a similar darkening can be observed on the paintings by Munkacsy’s contemporaries e.g Courbet and Makart. A thick brown mass the so called bitumen used by Munkacsy for grounding and also as a paint is believed by the art historians to cause the darkening.For this study, paint specimens were taken from the following paintings: “Studio”, “Farewell” and the “Portrait of the Master’s Wife”, all of them are the property of the Hungarian National Gallery. The paint samples were embedded in a polyester resin “Poly-Pol PS-230” and after grinding and polishing their cross section was used for x-ray mapping.

Electron Beam-Induced Mass Loss in Freeze-Dried Tissue and Protein Samples

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
M.E. Cantino ◽  
M.K. Goddard ◽  
L.E. Wilkinson ◽  
D.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Counting Rate ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Muscle Homogenate ◽  
Large Muscle

Quantification in biological x-ray microanalysis depends on accurate evaluation of mass loss. Although several studies have addressed the problem of electron beam induced mass loss from organic samples (eg., 1,2). uncertainty persists as to the dose dependence, the extent of loss, the elemental constituents affected, and the variation in loss for different materials and tissues. in the work described here, we used x-ray counting rate changes to measure mass loss in albumin (used as a quantification standard), salivary gland, and muscle.In order to measure mass loss at low doses (10-4 coul/cm2 ) large samples were needed. While freeze-dried salivary gland sections of the required dimensions were available, muscle sections of this size were difficult to obtain. To simulate large muscle sections, frog or rat muscle homogenate was injected between formvar films which were then stretched over slot grids and freeze-dried. Albumin samples were prepared by a similar procedure. using a solution of bovine serum albumin in water. Samples were irradiated in the STEM mode of a JEOL 100C.

X-Ray Tomography for Electronic Packages

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Goyal
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Electronic Packages ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Imaging Capability ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Next generation assembly/package development challenges are primarily increased interconnect complexity and density with ever shorter development time. The results of this trend present some distinct challenges for the analytical tools/techniques to support this technical roadmap. The key challenge in the analytical tools/techniques is the development of non-destructive imaging for improved time to information. This paper will present the key drivers for the non-destructive imaging, results of literature search and evaluation of key analytical techniques currently available. Based on these studies requirements of a 3D imaging capability will be discussed. Critical breakthroughs required for development of such a capability are also summarized.

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