scholarly journals Grid connected converters as reactive power ancillary service providers: Technical analysis for minimum required DC-link voltage

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 344-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Merai ◽  
M.W. Naouar ◽  
I. Slama-Belkhodja ◽  
E. Monmasson
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Grid Connected Converters

scholarly journals Plug-in Electric Vehicles for Grid Services Provision: Proposing an Operational Characterization Procedure for V2G Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângelo Casaleiro ◽  
Rodrigo Amaro e Silva ◽  
João Serra
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Characterization Procedure

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are expected to play a role as power grid ancillary service providers through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) chargers, enabling higher levels of renewable electricity penetration. However, to fully exploit the storage capacity of PEVs and fast responsiveness, it is crucial to understand their operational characteristics. This work proposes a characterization procedure for V2G systems providing grid services. It extends the existing literature on response time, AC/DC conversion and reactive power assessment. Illustrative results were obtained by implementing the procedure using a Nissan Leaf battery electric vehicle (BEV) connected to a remotely operated commercial V2G CHAdeMO charger. The V2G system was characterized as having a relative inaccuracy and variability of response inferior to 3% and 0.4%, respectively. Its average communication and ramping times are 2.37 s and 0.26 s/kW, respectively. Its conversion efficiency and power factor both showed degradation in the power values below 50% of the charger’s nominal power. Moreover, the proposed visualizations revealed that: i) the V2G system implements power requests for the DC power flow; ii) the power factor control algorithm was nonoperational; and iii) the acquired data can leverage statistical models that describe the operation of V2G systems (which is of extreme value for researchers and operators).

Photovoltaic Generating Units as Reactive Supply Ancillary Service Providers

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Delfino ◽  
Renato Procopio
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Electromagnetic Transients ◽  
System Component ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Regulation Scheme ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Advanced Control

This paper addresses the issue of the application of PhotoVoltaic (PV) Distributed Generation (DG) units for supplying reactive power to the grid. In order to reach this aim, an advanced control scheme to suitably drive the injection of both active and reactive power into a MV radial distribution grid has been developed. Such algorithm allows a decoupled control of active and reactive power by properly adjusting the modulating signals of a PWM interface converter with the grid. A closed loop regulation scheme has been derived and guidelines for the choices of the reference quantities and for the design of the regulators are provided. The control algorithm has been applied to a real MV grid-connected PV power plant, which has been simulated in the PSCAD – EMTDC electromagnetic environment, in order to represent, with high detail, every system component and to thoroughly analyze the occurring electromagnetic transients. The positive effect of reactive power support to the grid from the PV unit has been highlighted, showing benefits on the grid current and voltage profiles with respect to the classical configuration, where the DG system behaves as a sole active power source.

Selling Power System Flexibility: Ancillary Service and Real-Time Energy Market Challenges for Storage

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Market Design ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
System Access ◽  
Power System Flexibility

Power system operators obtain the flexibility required to reliably balance aggregate generation and load through ancillary service and five-minute energy markets. Market prices are based on the marginal opportunity costs of the generators. This market design works well for generators but inherently fails for storage and demand response, denying these new technologies a fair opportunity to compete and denying the power system access to potentially lower cost reliability resources. Market design or regulatory changes may be required for storage and demand response to be viable ancillary service providers.

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