Difference between chitosan and oligochitosan in growth of Monilinia fructicola and control of brown rot in peach fruit

LWT ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Yang ◽  
Jian-Lei Zhang ◽  
Carole L. Bassett ◽  
Xiang-Hong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Antifungal Effect of Postharvest Treatment of Artemisia capillaris Extract on Brown Rot (Monilinia fructicola (Winter) Honey) in Peach Fruit

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Nakamura ◽  
Takanori Miyoshi ◽  
Satoshi Oshima ◽  
Hiroko Hayama ◽  
Miho Tatsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Artemisia Capillaris ◽  
Postharvest Treatment

scholarly journals Reduced Sensitivity in Monilinia fructicola to Propiconazole in Georgia and Implications for Disease Management

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1000-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Schnabel ◽  
P. Karen Bryson ◽  
William C. Bridges ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Population Sensitivity

Single-spore isolates of Monilinia fructicola were collected from commercial orchards in South Carolina and Georgia with prolonged past exposure to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides and from an orchard with no DMI history (baseline population). Sensitivity to propiconazole was determined using the concentration in agar media required to suppress radial growth of mycelium by 50% (EC50. Mean EC50 values from six South Carolina populations were not different from the baseline population (P < 0.05). Two of five populations from Georgia revealed (significantly higher mean EC50 values compared with the baseline population (P < 0.05). Isolates with high (AP5 and AP6) and low (DL71 and DL72) EC50 values were selected to determine disease incidence on peach fruit after protective or curative applications of propiconazole at 0.15 or 0.3 liter/ha (half and full label rate, respectively). Disease incidence was significantly greater on peaches inoculated with AP5 and AP6 after curative treatment with propiconazole at 0.15 liter/ha (P < 0.05). Following protective or curative treatments at 0.3 liter/ha, disease incidence was significantly greater for AP6 but not for AP5. These results suggest that a shift toward reduced sensitivity has developed in some M. fructicola populations from Georgia, and that isolates with reduced sensitivity to propiconazole are more difficult to control in the field. Field testing of DMI fungicides, captan, QoI fungicides, and fenhexamid in experimental orchards) indicated that the DMI fungicides are still among the most efficacious products for brown rot (control, and that new products containing QoI fungicides may be viable disease control alternatives or rotation partners.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa isolates from Brazil: monocyclic components of peach brown rot

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sthela Siqueira Angeli ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio ◽  
Lilian Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Beta Function ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Important Disease

ABSTRACT: Brown rot is the most important disease of peaches in Brazil. The objective of this study was to compare the brown rot monocyclic components from Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa isolates from Brazil on peaches, due to the detection of M. laxa in the São Paulo production area. Conidia germination and pathogen sporulation were assessed in vitro under a temperature range of 5-35oC and wetness duration of 6-48h. Incubation and latent periods, disease incidence, disease severity and pathogen reproduction on peach fruit were evaluated under 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30oC and wetness duration of 6, 12 and 24h. Six of seven parameters of a generalised beta function fitted to conidia germination of M. fructicola and M. laxa were similar. Only the shape parameter was higher for M. fructicola indicating that the range of temperatures and wetness periods favourable for germination is wider for M. laxa than for M. fructicola. The optimum temperature for brown rot development caused by M. fructicola was 24.5oC and for. Monilinia laxa was 19.8oC. At 10oC M. laxa lesions produced more conidia than M. fructicola, and the opposite occurred at 30oC. The estimated maximum temperature for lesion development was also higher for M. fructicola than for M. laxa. M. fructicola is favored by warmer weather than M. laxa and the presence and impact of this specie in Brazil must be investigated especially in the South states.

scholarly journals Incidence of Latent Infection of Immature Peach Fruit by Monilinia fructicola and Relationship to Brown Rot in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Emery ◽  
T. J. Michailides ◽  
H. Scherm
Keyword(s):  
Latent Infection ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Immature Fruit

Peach fruit are most susceptible to infection by Monilinia fructicola during the preharvest ripening stage. Although various sources of inoculum for preharvest infection have been characterized, the role of latent infection of immature fruit in the carryover of M. fructicola from the spring (blossom blight phase) to the preharvest period (fruit rot phase) is unknown for the southeastern United States. From 1997 to 1999, immature peach fruit were collected at 14-day intervals from orchards in middle and northern Georgia. Fruit were surface disinfested and treated with paraquat (1997) or frozen overnight (1998 and 1999) to induce tissue senescence and activate latent infections. Across sites and years, the incidence of latent infection remained low until the final sampling date 7 to 12 days before harvest. The incidence of latent infection on the final sampling date ranged from 0 to 22.0% and correlated significantly with both the incidence of blossom blight earlier in the season (r = 0.9077, P = 0.0332) and the incidence of fruit rot at harvest (r = 0.9966, P = 0.0034). There also was a significant association between the incidence of latent infection at the onset of pit hardening (between 7 and 10 weeks before harvest) and subsequent fruit rot incidence (r = 0.9763, P = 0.0237). Weather variables (cumulative rainfall or rainfall frequency) alone did not correlate with fruit rot incidence (P > 0.05), whereas combined latent infection-rainfall variables did. The results suggest that latent infections can serve as a source of inoculum for subsequent fruit rot in peach orchards in Georgia. Despite its significant association with fruit rot incidence, the potential for using latent infection incidence as a biological indicator of disease risk at harvest may be limited; the assessment of latent infection during the fruit ripening stage (similar to the timing of the final sampling date in this study) would not provide sufficient lead time for preharvest disease management decisions, whereas an earlier assessment (e.g., at the onset of pit hardening) would require large sample sizes due to the low incidence of latent infection present during that period.

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis upon peach fruit infection with Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa identify responses contributing to brown rot resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Papavasileiou ◽  
Georgia Tanou ◽  
Anastasios Samaras ◽  
Martina Samiotaki ◽  
Athanassios Molassiotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Peach Fruit

scholarly journals Effects of Calcium Salts on Growth, Polygalacturonase Activity, and Infection of Peach Fruit by Monilinia fructicola

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Biggs ◽  
M. M. El-Kholi ◽  
S. El-Neshawy ◽  
R. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Calcium Propionate

The effects of several calcium salts on growth, polygalacturonase (PG) activity, and infection of peach fruit by Monilinia fructicola were determined. All salts except calcium formate, calcium pantothenate, and dibasic calcium phosphate reduced growth of M. fructicola on amended potato-dextrose agar (PDA) after 7 days. Minimal growth occurred on PDA amended with calcium propionate. Calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium silicate, and calcium pyrophosphate reduced growth by approximately 65% compared with the control. Substances that were inhibitory on amended PDA were also inhibitory in potato-dextrose broth (PDB) but varied in effectiveness depending on whether PDB or PDA was used. The correlation between the amount of growth on PDA versus that in PDB was not significant. Fungal PG activity was inhibited by all salts used in this study except dibasic calcium phosphate and calcium tartrate. Greatest inhibition of PG was associated with calcium propionate followed by calcium sulfate, tribasic calcium phosphate, calcium gluconate, and calcium succinate. The activity of calcium salts was not affected by pH. PG activity was correlated with growth on PDA (r s = 0.48, P ≤0.04) but was not correlated with growth in PDB. When inoculum was sprayed on detached fruit, the incidence and severity of brown rot were least on fruit that had been dipped in solutions of calcium propionate or calcium silicate. When inoculum was applied as a localized drop to wounded fruit that had been dipped in a solution containing 1,200 mg of calcium per liter, brown rot severity was least for fruit treated with calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide. For nonwounded fruit and drop inoculations, calcium hydroxide was the most effective in reducing brown rot incidence, and all salts reduced rot severity similarly. There were significant correlations between growth in PDB and disease incidence and severity 4 days after inoculation at both calcium levels (600 and 1,000 mg per liter). Furthermore, disease incidence and severity at both levels of calcium were also correlated significantly with PG activity. Future investigations on brown rot and calcium salts should utilize PDB for in vitro investigations and spray mist inoculations for fruit studies.

Effect of QoI Fungicides on Colonization and Sporulation of Monilinia fructicola on Peach Fruit and Blossom Blight Cankers

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1000-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Burnett ◽  
N. Lalancette ◽  
K. A. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peach Trees

Three studies were conducted to examine the curative activity of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin + boscalid against Monilinia fructicola, causal agent of brown rot on peach. In the first study, ‘Autumnglo’ peach trees were treated with each of the three fungicides both before and after fruit inoculation. In the second study, the effects of fungicide active ingredient, rate/volume, and inoculation timing were examined on inoculated ‘Suncrest’ peach fruit. Results of these studies showed that sporulating area, on average across all treatments, was reduced by 15.9, 42.4, and 0.4% for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin + boscalid, respectively. In any single treatment, trifloxystrobin provided the greatest benefit with two consecutive sprays, reducing sporulating area by 53 to 60%. In contrast to sporulation activity, the three fungicides exhibited less of an inhibitory effect on fruit colonization. When applied at maximum labeled rates in the various treatments, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin + boscalid reduced colony growth, on average, by 12.3, 7.5, and 7.4%, respectively. Because the pathogen was inoculated into the mesocarp, this low level of activity against colonization may be due to a lack of deeper systemic movement of the fungicides into fruit tissue. In the final study, the three fungicides were examined for their antisporulant activity on blossom blight twig cankers. Unlike results observed on fruit, significant reductions in spore production on cankers were observed for all three fungicides. Azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin + boscalid provided 56, 71, and 53% reductions, respectively, in the number of conidia produced per unit canker length. Overall results of these studies indicated that quinone outside inhibitor fungicides, in addition to their known protectant activity, also possess varying levels of curative activity against M. fructicola. In particular, trifloxystrobin demonstrated good antisporulant activity on both fruit infections and cankers.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Redox-Regulated Cutinase Gene, MfCUT1, Increases Virulence of the Brown Rot Pathogen Monilinia fructicola on Prunus spp.

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miin-Huey Lee ◽  
Chiu-Min Chiu ◽  
Tatiana Roubtsova ◽  
Chien-Ming Chou ◽  
Richard M. Bostock
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Gus Expression ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Gus Activity ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Prunus Spp

A 4.5-kb genomic DNA containing a Monilinia fructicola cutinase gene, MfCUT1, and its flanking regions were isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the genomic MfCUT1 carries a 63-bp intron and a promoter region with several transcription factor binding sites that may confer redox regulation of MfCUT1 expression. Redox regulation is indicated by the effect of antioxidants, shown previously to inhibit MfCUT1 gene expression in cutin-induced cultures, and in the present study, where H2O2 enhanced MfCUT1 gene expression. A β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (gusA) was fused to MfCUT1 under the control of the MfCUT1 promoter, and this construct was then used to generate an MfCUT1-GUS strain by Agrobacterium spp.-mediated transformation. The appearance of GUS activity in response to cutin and suppression of GUS activity by glucose in cutinase-inducing medium verified that the MfCUT1-GUS fusion protein was expressed correctly under the control of the MfCUT1 promoter. MfCUT1-GUS expression was detected following inoculation of peach and apple fruit, peach flower petals, and onion epidermis, and during brown rot symptom development on nectarine fruit at a relatively late stage of infection (24 h postinoculation). However, semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction provided sensitive detection of MfCUT1 expression within 5 h of inoculation in both almond and peach petals. MfCUT1-GUS transformants expressed MfCUT1 transcripts at twice the level as the wild type and caused more severe symptoms on Prunus flower petals, consistent with MfCUT1 contributing to the virulence of M. fructicola.

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