Genetic determination of individual birth weight, litter weight and litter size in Mukota pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chimonyo ◽  
K. Dzama ◽  
E. Bhebhe
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Litter Weight

Comparative farrowing to weaning performance in Meishan and Large White pigs and their crosses

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lee ◽  
C. S. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Breed Differences

AbstractGrowth and survival from birth to weaning were monitored during three generations of crossbreeding between British Large White (LW) and Chinese Meishan (MS) pigs. The design allowed comparisons between sow genotypes ranging from zero to all MS genes, which were mated toLWor MS boars, to produce progeny with proportions of 0·0 to 0·5 or 0·5 to 1·0 MS genes, respectively. Crossbreeding parameters of both maternal and direct piglet performance were estimated for the first two parities using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods for litter traits (litter weight at birth, litter mean and within litter standard deviation of piglet weight at birth, proportion surviving to weaning, litter size and weight at weaning and litter mean piglet weight at weaning) and for traits of the piglet (birth weight, probability of survival and weaning weight). For litter traits, the estimated contribution of the additive maternal effect to the breed differences (MS-LW) was significant for litter mean piglet birth weight (–0·46 (s.e. 0·04) kg), survival to weaning (0·15 (s.e. 0·02)), litter size at weaning (1·6 (s.e. 0·16) piglets), litter weaning weight (–11·2 (s.e. 3·8) kg) and litter mean piglet weaning weight (2·54 (s.e. 0·24) kg). Adding litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight to the model removed the additive maternal contribution to the breed differences in survival, and litter size and reduced that for litter mean piglet weaning weight. The contribution of the direct additive effect to the breed difference (MS-LW) was significant for the within litter standard deviation in birth weight (0·018 (s.e. 0·006)), survival to weaning (0·12 (s.e. 0·02)) and litter size (1·12 (s.e. 0·64)) and weight (11·6 (s.e. 4·0) kg) at weaning, but not for piglet weight at birth or weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean birth weight had comparatively little impact on the direct additive effects. There were significant maternal heterosis effects for litter weight at birth and litter size and weight at weaning, the estimated deviation of the F1 from the midpoint of the two purebreds 3·22 (s.e. 0·55) kg, 2·20 (s.e. 0·47) piglets, and 20·1 (s.e. 3·3) kg respectively, but none for survival or piglet weights. There were direct heterosis effects for litter weight and litter mean piglet weights, the estimated deviation of the Fjfrom the mid point of the two purebreds being 1·16 (s.e. 0·41) kg and 0·14 (s.e. 0·02) kg, for survival to weaning (0·04 (s.e. 0·02)) and for litter weight (11·2 (s.e. 2·5) kg) and litter mean piglet weight (0·96 (s.e. 0·17) kg) at weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight removed or reduced both maternal and direct heterosis effects. Individual piglet analyses gave similar results to analyses of the equivalent sow trait. It was concluded that in litters born to MS cows, the lower piglet survival and lower weaning weights were related to the larger litter sizes and lower piglet birth weights. For their birth weight, however, MS piglets have a greater ability to survive and thrive. The large direct and maternal heterosis effects observed for litter and mean piglet weight at weaning werepartly associated with the heavier birth weight of the crossbred piglet.

Genetic relationships between seasonal tissue levels in Scottish Blackface ewes and lamb growth traits

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Lambe ◽  
S. Brotherstone ◽  
M. J. Young ◽  
J. Conington ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Lamb Growth

AbstractScottish Blackface ewes (no. = 308) were scanned four times per year using X-ray computed tomography (CT scanning) (pre-mating, pre-lambing, mid lactation and weaning), from 18 months to 5 years of age, giving a maximum of 16 scanning events per ewe. Total weights of carcass fat, internal fat and carcass muscle were estimated from the CT images at each scanning event. Lambs produced by these ewes were weighed at birth, mid lactation and weaning to calculate litter growth traits: litter birth weight; litter weight gain from birth until mid lactation; and litter weight gain from birth until weaning. Genetic (rg) and phenotypic (rp) correlations were estimated between ewe CT tissue traits and litter growth traits. Correlations between ewe CT tissue traits and litter size (LS) were also estimated. Ewe CT tissue traits were either unadjusted or adjusted for total soft tissue weight (sum of weights of carcass fat, internal fat and carcass muscle) to investigate relationships with either absolute tissue weights of carcass fat (CFWT), internal fat (IFWT), and carcass muscle (CMWT), or relative proportions of carcass fat (CFP), internal fat (IFP), and carcass muscle (CMP). Litter growth traits were either unadjusted or adjusted for litter size, to investigate relationships with total lamb burden (total litter birth weight (TBW), total litter weight gain from birth until mid lactation (TWGM), total litter weight gain from birth until weaning (TWGW)) or average lamb performance (average lamb birth weight (ABW), average lamb weight gain from birth until mid lactation (AWGM), average lamb weight gain from birth until weaning (AWGW)).Moderate to large positive genetic correlations were estimated between absolute weights of all three ewe tissues (CFWT, IFWT, CMWT), or muscle proportion (CMP), and litter size (LS). Significant positive genetic correlations were also estimated between weight (CMWT) or proportion (CMP) of muscle carried by the ewe pre-mating and total birth weight (TBW) and weight gains (TWGM, TWGW) of her litter, largely due to the associated increase in litter size. Muscle proportion (CMP) was not significantly correlated to average lamb weights or weight gains (ABW, AWGM, AWGW). Pre-lambing carcass fat weight (CFWT) and proportion (CFP) in the ewe showed positive genetic correlations with average lamb weights and weight gains (ABW, AWGM, AWGW), whereas, after lambing, CFP was negatively correlated with these lamb traits. Internal fat weight (IFWT) pre-mating showed positive genetic correlations with all litter growth traits (TBW, TWGM, TWGW, ABW, AWGM, AWGW). Average lamb growth traits were negatively correlated with pre-lambing internal fat proportion (IFP), but positively correlated to IFP at mid lactation and weaning.Correlations were also estimated between each pair of CT traits. Total internal fat weight and total carcass fat weight were very highly correlated (rp= 0·75,rg= 0·96). Correlations with total carcass muscle weight were smaller and positive for both carcass fat weight (rp= 0·48,rg= 0·12) and internal fat weight (rp= 0·42,rg= 0·20).The results suggest that selection for increased carcass muscle weight or proportion in a Scottish Blackface hill flock would have a positive effect on total weights of litters reared, but that selection against carcass fat weight or proportion in a breeding programme for Blackface sheep may have an impact on the maternal ability of the ewe. However, maintaining fat in internal depots may reduce the depletion of carcass fat during pregnancy, allowing this depot to provide energy for lactation, and may have a positive impact on lamb growth.

The performance of Masham ewes

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Newton ◽  
J. S. Fenlon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lamb Growth

ABSTRACTThe performance of two flocks of crossbred Masham ewes (Tees-water × Dales Bred) was measured for 6 and 4 years respectively. The ewes in Flock 1 were mated with Dorset Down rams and the ewes in Flock 2 with Suffolk rams.The overall mean mating weight of each flock was 68-0 kg with no consistent year-to-year variation. The mating weight repeatability values for ewes entering the flocks as 2-year-olds were 0·532 (±0·0681) and 0·524 (±0·1118) for Flocks 1 and 2 respectively.Mean litter size increased with age, but repeatability was low. Over- all litter weights for singles, twins and triplets were 5·89, 9·88 and 12·43 kg respectively. Two-year-old ewes had lighter litters than mature ewes. Repeatability for litter weight in Flock 1 was 0·337 (±0·0755).Lamb growth rate to 4 weeks of age was lower for 2-year-old ewes in both flocks and the repeatability was 0·322 (±0·0947) in Flock 1. For ewes having twin lambs, significant correlations (P < 0·01) were found between mating weight and birth weight and between birth weight and lamb growth rate to 4 weeks of age.Perinatal mortality was higher for lambs with a birth weight below 3·9 kg, but overall lamb mortality was only 8%: this low figure was probably due to the relatively high birth weight of the twin and triplet lambs.

EFFECT OF PRE-COPULATORY TREATMENT WITH AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF Spondias mombin ON GESTATIONAL CHARACSTERISTICS OF RABBITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
A. A. OLOYE ◽  
N. OBI
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
And Control

Fifteen plurigravida rabbits weighing between 2.0 and 2.6 kg were used for the study of gestational characteristics after pre-copulatory oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin. The fifteen does were divided into three groups of five does per group. Four untreated reproductively proven bucks kept separately in different cages were used for copulation. Dosages administered were 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg for groups A and B respectively while distilled water was served to control group C. Mating, pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasound and determination of birth parameters were conducted subsequently at the end of extract treatment. Average litter size,birth weight and gestation length observed in all dosage groups had statistically similar values (p≥0.05).However, it is worth noting the relatively higher values of average litter size in 800mg/kg dosage group and control (5.60±0.40) compared to 400mg/kg group (5.40±0.75) and the highest birth weight value recorded for 800mg/kg (46.63±3.55) compared to 400mg\kg group (45.30±3.22) and control (42.38±3.74). It was concluded that pre-copulatory administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin at dosages as high as 800mg/kg to rabbit does not have deleterious effect on its prolificacy and does have pro-fertility tendencies.        

An analysis of reproductive performance in pigs based on records of performance of the boar

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Baharin ◽  
RG Beilharz
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Large White ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Commercial Farm ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The reproductive performance of 308 boars with total records of 9220 matings from a large commercial farm was analysed. The boars were purebred Large White, Landrace and from the newly synthesized M breed and were mated to purebred and crossbred sows of the same breeds. The M breed was derived from crossing between Large White and Landrace pigs with foundation females selected on the basis of their ability to produce large litters. Over half the total records were from matings with sows of parity 1 and parity 2. Overall production statistics were 78.8 per cent conception rate, an average total litter size of 9.3 pigs born per litter, 6.5 per cent stillbirths, an average litter weight (live piglets) at birth of 12.2 kg, average birth weight per piglet of 1.43 kg and average gestation length of 11 5 days. Most of the traits analysed showed significant effects due to parity of dams, with performance increasing from parity 1 to parity 6 to 8, after which the performance began to decline. There were significant heterosis effects (mainly maternal) on reproduction of the sows and survival performance of the litters resulting in an estimated improvement of 11 per cent in number of live pigs born, 12.4 per cent in total litter weight at birth and 35 per cent reduction in stillbirths. Heritability estimates were generally low for most traits except for boar conception rate which was moderate (0.29).

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis Of Rabbit Litter Traits At Birth And Weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
I. K Odubote ◽  
B. Somade
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Size At Birth

Data on 260 litters were used to provide therefore to estimate the heritability and estimates of heritability, repeatability, genetic and phenotypic correlations for litter traits at birth and at weaning. Breed, sire within breed and doe within sire effects were found to be significant, (P<0.05) for litter size at birth and at weaning and for litter weight at birth and at weaning. Heritability estimates of 0.33±0.08, 0.38±0.02, 0.03±0.02 and 0.16±0.05 were obtained for litter birth weight, litter size at birth, litter size at weaning and litter weaning weight, respectively. Repeatability estimates were found to be generally moderate to high. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were positive and significant (P<0.01). Selection for litter size at birth and litter birth weight are likely to result in improved litter size at weaning and litter weaning weight respectively.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic usage on the Reproductive Parameters in Captive reared Agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kegan Romelle Jones ◽  
Gary Wayne Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) is a rodent that is found in the Neo-tropical region. This animal is hunted for its meat but has recently been reared in captivity as a source of meat protein in rural communities. A 20-month experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of an anthelmintic on the reproductive performance of the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) reared in captivity. This experiment was conducted in the humid tropics of Trinidad and Tobago. Sixteen animals (15 females, 1 male) placed in each of the two treatment groups in a completely randomized study design. In treatment 1 (T1) animals were given subcutaneous injections of Endovet Ces® (Ivermectin/Praziquantel) at 0.2 mg/kg every three months. Treatment 2 (T2) was the negative control group where animals were not exposed to an anthelmintic. Reproductive data were collected at parturition which included birth weight, litter weight, litter size and gender of offspring. The results showed that there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the treatment groups with respect to birth weight, litter weight, litter size and gender. However, agoutis that were dewormed had a higher birth weight (220.24 g vs 209.1 g) and litter weight (369.8 g vs 343 g). The same values were obtained for the litter size (1.7 vs 1.7) and animals that were dewormed had a higher female offspring to male offspring (2.41:1 vs 1.11:1). This experiment demonstrated that the use of an anthelmintic strategically in the management of captive reared agoutis had no statistical effect (p > 0.05) on the reproductive parameters. Therefore, these animals can be kept in captive conditions without being dewormed and produce efficiently with proper feeding and housing management.

scholarly journals Sow and piglet traits associated with piglet survival at birth and to weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiah M Gourley ◽  
Hilda I Calderon ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between sow and piglet characteristics that are associated with stillborn rate and preweaning mortality is beneficial as litter size continues to increase. Two experiments were previously conducted to evaluate prefarrowing nutrition regimens on sow and litter characteristics. These two datasets (experiments 1 and 2) were then used to identify sow and piglet characteristics associated with stillborn rate and piglet survival to weaning. A total of 1,201 sows that gave birth to 19,168 pigs comprised the dataset. The following characteristics were used in multivariate logistic regression analysis for traits associated with stillborn rate or survival to weaning: parity, litter weight, mean piglet birth weight, sow backfat, and BW at day 113 of gestation, gestation length, farrowing duration, litter size, piglet birth order, farrowing assistance, pig to teat ratio, colostrum intake, and colostrum yield. Sows within each experiment (herd) were categorized into quartiles for each of the independent variables to quantify the relationship to stillborn rate or survival to weaning. Increased stillborn rate was associated (P &lt; 0.01) with heavier litter weights, lighter piglet birth weights, and larger litters in both experiments. In experiment 1, increased stillborn rate was associated (P &lt; 0.01) with longer farrowing duration. Increased stillborn rate was associated with sows with less backfat depth at day 113, older parity, or increased farrowing assistance in experiment 2. In both experiments, pigs born later in the birth order had an increased (P &lt; 0.01) risk of being stillborn. In both experiments, heavier piglet birth weight, greater colostrum intake, and lower total born were associated (P &lt; 0.01) with increased survival to weaning. In experiment 2, pigs born in the first 75% of the litter, or in a litter with lower pig to teat ratio were associated (P &lt; 0.01) with increased survival to weaning. Although the stillborn rate was similar between experiments (6.5% vs. 6.6%), differences in the traits associated with stillborn rate between studies indicate that some associated traits may be herd dependent. However, improving piglet birth weight, placing an emphasis on assisting pigs born later in the birth order and increasing colostrum intake will increase piglet survival from birth to weaning.

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