Beneficial effects of alpha linolenic acid rich flaxseed oil on growth performance and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in high fat diet fed rats

Life Sciences ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vijaimohan ◽  
Mallika Jainu ◽  
K.E. Sabitha ◽  
S. Subramaniyam ◽  
C. Anandhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Bok-choy promotes growth performance, lipid metabolism and related gene expression in Syrian golden hamsters fed with a high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2693-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emal Naseri ◽  
Kong Xiangyu ◽  
Chunmei Hu ◽  
Aliya Ayaz ◽  
Mohammad Malyar Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamsters

This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of two cultivars of bok-choy, ‘Suzhouqing’ (green cultivar) and ‘Ziluolan’ (purple cultivar), on growth performance, lipid metabolism and related gene expressions in Syrian golden hamsters.

scholarly journals Decreasing the Dietary Ratio of Linoleic Acid (n-6) and Alpha-linolenic Acid (n-3) Does Not Reduce Adiposity or Mitigate Bone Deterioration of Obese Mice (P08-096-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Cao ◽  
Kim Michelsen ◽  
Brian Gregoire ◽  
Matthew Picklo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether the ratio of n-6: n-3 mainly as linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), when ALA was kept constant, affects adiposity or adiposity-induced changes in bone structure in mice fed a high-fat diet. Since LA is a precursor for arachidonic acid which is the substrate for certain proinflammatory eicosanoids, n-6 fatty acids have been considered to promote inflammation, whereas n-3 fatty acids are considered to have anti-inflammatory properties. Studies show adiposity and inflammation are inversely associated bone mass. Therefore, we hypothesized that decreasing dietary LA content (n-6: n-3 ratio) mitigates high-fat diet (HF) induced adiposity and bone loss. Methods Fifty-two male C57BL/6 mice at 6-wk-old were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups (n = 13/group) and fed one of the diets as described in the Table below ad libitum for 6 months: a normal-fat diet (NF, 10%en) with n-6 at 6%en or HF diets (45%en) with n-6 at either 9%, 6%, or 3%en, respectively. ALA content in the diets was kept the same for all groups at 1%en, which is above the minimum requirement (0.68%en) for rodents. Diets were formulated with a combination of high oleic sunflower oil, palm oil, safflower oil and flaxseed oil to achieve desired levels of fatty acids. Results Compared to the NF, the HF increased fat mass, percentage body fat, trabecular separation, serum bone resorption marker (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), and decreased bone volume/total volume (P < 0.05). The ratio of n-6: n-3 did not significantly affect fat mass, serum bone resorption marker, or any bone structural parameters. Conclusions These data indicate that decreasing the dietary n-6: n-3 ratio by reducing LA intake does not reduce adiposity or improve bone structure in obese mice. Funding Sources USDA ARS Project no. 3062-51000-053-00D. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Effects and Interactions of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure, a Post-Weaning High-Fat Diet and Gender on Adult Hypercholesterolemia Occurrence in Offspring Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjian Qi ◽  
Hanwen Luo ◽  
Shuwei Hu ◽  
Yimeng Wu ◽  
Jacques Magdalou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Background/Aims: Prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) could induce intrauterine programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolism, resulting in intrauterine growth retardation and susceptibility to adult hypercholesterolemia in offspring. This study aimed to analyse the effects and interactions of PEE, a post-weaning high-fat diet (HFD) and gender on the occurrence of adult hypercholesterolemia in offspring rats. Methods: Wistar female rats were treated with ethanol (4 g/kg.d) at gestational days 11-20. The offspring were given a normal diet or HFD after weaning, and the blood cholesterol metabolism phenotype and expression of hepatic cholesterol metabolism related genes were detected in 24-week-old offspring. Furthermore, the interactions among PEE, HFD, and gender on hypercholesterolemia occurrence were analysed. Results: PEE increased the serum total cholesterol (TCH) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and decreased the serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level in adult offspring rats; the changes in female offspring were greater than those in males. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of hepatic cholesterol metabolic enzymes (apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1))—were increased, while the mRNA expression levels of the scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) and LDL receptor (LDLR) were decreased. Furthermore, a three-way ANOVA showed there were interactions among PEE, post-weaning HFD and gender. For PEE offspring, a post-weaning HFD aggravated the elevated hepatic ApoB and CYP7A1 expression and reduced SR-B1 and LDLR expression; the changes in hepatic SR-B1 and CYP7A1 expression were greater in female HFD rats than in males. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a post-weaning HFD could aggravate offspring hypercholesterolemia caused by PEE and that this mechanism might be associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolic disorders that are aggravated by a post-weaning HFD; hepatic cholesterol metabolism was more sensitive to neuroendocrine metabolic alterations by PEE and a post-weaning HFD in the female offspring than in the male offspring.

Alpha-linolenic acid intake prevents endothelial dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin rats and underlying mechanisms

VASA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Fang Fu ◽  
Ru Tie ◽  
Xiangyan Liang ◽  
Fei Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
Enos Phosphorylation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is an important factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes related vascular complications, and acute alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) intake can increase flow-mediated dilation of the diabetic artery at 4 h postprandially. However, whether chronic ALA supplementation may prevent endothelial dysfunction in the process of diabetes and underlying mechanisms remains largely unknown. Materials and methods: The high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) rats provided an animal model for T2DM. Age-matched normal and HFD-STZ rats randomly received normal diet or ALA (500 mg/kg per day). After 5 weeks of feeding, endothelial function was determined. Results: Diabetes caused significant endothelial dysfunction (maximal vasorelaxation responses to ACh) in aortic segments, and ALA intake alleviated endothelial dysfunction. Superoxide production and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) formation were reduced with ALA supplement in diabetic vascular segments. Interestingly, ALA intake enhanced eNOS but inhibited iNOS activity in diabetic vessels. Moreover, ALA intake significantly increased eNOS phosphorylation. On the other hand, gp91phox and iNOS overexpression were reduced moderately with ALA intake in diabetic vessels. Conclusions: We concluded that ALA prevents diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing eNOS activity and attenuates oxidative/nitrative stress by inhibiting iNOS and NADPH oxidase expression and ONOO- production.

PL-006 Expression of molecular markers of hepatic cholesterol metabolism are altered by a short-term high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Ldl Particles

Objective Metabolic disorders are often associated with liver steatosis and increased plasma cholesterol levels. However, the link between excessive lipid accumulation and impairments in cholesterol metabolism remains uninvestigated in the liver. Hence, a short treatment with a high-fat diet (HFD) was previously shown to promote excessive lipid accumulation in liver prior to the development of metabolic disorders. The present study intended to characterize how increases in liver fat alter the expression of several key regulators of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in response to a short-term HFD. Methods Young Wistar rats were randomly submitted either to HFD (n = 8) or a regular chow diet (RCD; n = 8) for 14 days.Liver tissue and blood were sampled . Results Increases in triglycerides were highly significant (P< 0.01) in liver but marginal in plasma of HFD rats. In contrast, the HFD resulted in higher (P< 0.01) cholesterol levels in plasma but not in liver samples. Gene expression of key markers involved in cholesterol uptake (LDL particles) including low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) along with ATP-binding cassette, superfamily G, member 5 (ABCG5) involved in cholesterol exportation viabile ducts were found to be higher (P< 0.05) in response to the HFD. In contrast, expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), involved in cholesterol synthesis was down-regulated in liver Conclusions The data support the concept that excessive accumulation of lipids promptly alters the expression of key genes regulating cholesterol metabolism in liver. On a clinical point of view, this indicates that increases in plasma cholesterol occur after a short-term high fat diet.

scholarly journals Dietary Betaine Addition Promotes Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis, Bile Acid Conversion, and Export in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Sisi Li ◽  
Shuyi Xu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Haichao Wang ◽  
Jie Feng
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat

It is widely reported how betaine addition regulates lipid metabolism but how betaine affects cholesterol metabolism is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of betaine in hepatic cholesterol metabolism of Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomly allocated to four groups and fed with a basal diet or a high-fat diet with or without 1% betaine. The experiment lasted 28 days. The results showed that dietary betaine supplementation reduced the feed intake of rats with final weight unchanged. Serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol was increased with the high-fat diet. The high-fat diet promoted cholesterol synthesis and excretion by enhancing the HMG-CoA reductase and ABCG5/G8, respectively, which lead to a balance of hepatic cholesterol. Rats in betaine groups showed a higher level of hepatic total cholesterol. Dietary betaine addition enhanced cholesterol synthesis as well as conversion of bile acid from cholesterol by increasing the levels of HMGCR and CYP7A1. The high-fat diet decreased the level of bile salt export pump, while dietary betaine addition inhibited this decrease and promoted bile acid efflux and increased total bile acid levels in the intestine. In summary, dietary betaine addition promoted hepatic cholesterol metabolism, including cholesterol synthesis, conversion of bile acids, and bile acid export.

scholarly journals Alpha-Linolenic Acid-Enriched Butter Promotes Fatty Acid Remodeling and Thermogenic Activation in the Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyoung You ◽  
Rong Fan ◽  
Judy Kim ◽  
Seung-Ho Shin ◽  
Soonkyu Chung
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Supplementation with n-3 long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is known to promote thermogenesis via the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Agricultural products that are biofortified with α-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor of n-3 LC PUFA, have been launched to the market, but their impact on BAT function is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ALA-biofortified butter on lipid metabolism and thermogenic functions in the BAT. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet containing ALA-biofortified butter (n3Bu, 45% calorie from fat) for ten weeks in comparison with the isocaloric high-fat diets prepared from conventional butter or margarine. The intake of n3Bu significantly reduced the whitening of BAT and increased the thermogenesis in response to acute-cold treatment. Also, n3Bu supplementation is linked with the remodeling of BAT by promoting bioconversion into n-3 LC PUFA, FA elongation and desaturation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our results support that ALA-biofortified butter is a novel source of n-3 PUFA, which potentiates the BAT thermogenic function.

scholarly journals Effect of Early and Late Interventions with Dietary Oils on Vascular and Neural Complications in a Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Coppey ◽  
Eric Davidson ◽  
Hanna Shevalye ◽  
Alexander Obrosov ◽  
Mark Yorek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Menhaden Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dietary Oils

Aims. Determine the effect of dietary oils enriched in different mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids, i.e., olive oil (18 : 1, oleic acid), safflower oil (18 : 2 n-6, linoleic acid), flaxseed oil (18 : 3 n-3, alpha linolenic acid), evening primrose oil (18 : 3 n-6, gamma linolenic acid), or menhaden oil (20:5/22 : 6 n-3 eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids), on vascular and neural complications in high-fat-fed low-dose streptozotocin-treated Sprague-Dawley rats, an animal model for late-stage type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods. Rats were fed a high-fat diet (45% kcal as fat primarily derived from lard) for 8 weeks and then treated with a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) in order to induce hyperglycemia. After an additional 8 (early intervention) or 20 (late intervention) weeks, the different groups of rats were fed diets with 1/2 of the kcal of fat derived from lard replaced by the different dietary oils. In addition, a control group fed a standard diet (4.25% kcal as fat) and a diabetic group maintained on the high-fat diet were maintained. The treatment period was approximately 16 weeks. The endpoints evaluated included vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, thermal and corneal sensitivity, and innervation of sensory nerves in the cornea and skin. Results. Our findings show that menhaden and flaxseed oil provided the greatest benefit for correcting peripheral nerve damage caused by diabetes, whereas enriching the high-fat diet with menhaden oil provided the most benefit to acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve. Enriching the diets with fatty acids derived from the other oils provided none to partial improvements. Conclusions. These studies imply that long-chain n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could be an effective treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish oil being the most effective.

Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Akemi Suzuki ◽  
André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽  
Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽  
Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Flaxseed Flour ◽  
Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

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