A robust blind color image watermarking in quaternion Fourier transform domain

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-yang Wang ◽  
Chun-peng Wang ◽  
Hong-ying Yang ◽  
Pan-pan Niu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Transform Domain ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Quaternion Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Domain

A robust blind color image watermarking based on Fourier transform domain

Optik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 164562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahlessenane Fares ◽  
Khaldi Amine ◽  
Euschi Salah
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Transform Domain ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Fourier Transform Domain

scholarly journals Color image watermarking using multidimensional Fourier transforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Kin Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Quaternion Fourier Transform ◽  
Just Noticeable Distortion ◽  
Human Eyes

This thesis presents two vector watermarking schemes that are based on the use of complex and quaternion Fourier transforms and demonstrates, for the first time, how to embed watermarks into the coefficients consistent with our human visual systems (HVS). Watermark casting is performed by estimating the Just-Noticeable distortion (JND) of the images, to ensure watermark invisibility. The first method encodes the chromatic content of a color image as CIE a*b* chromaticity coordinates whereas the achromatic content is encoded as CIE L tristimulus value. Color watermarks (yellow and blue) are embedded in the frequency domain of the chromatic channels by using Spatio Chromatic Discrete Fourier Transform (SCDFT). It first encodes a* and b* as complex values, followed by a single discrete Fourier Transform. The most interesting characteristic of the scheme is the possibility of performing watermarking in the frequency domain of chromatic components. The second method encodes the L*a*b* components of color images and color watermarks are embedded as vectors in the frequency domain of the channels by using the Quaternion Fourier Transform (QFT). The idea is twofold: Robustness is achieved by embedding a color watermark in the coefficient with positive frequency, which spreads it to all components in the spatial domain. On the other hand, invisibility is satisfied by modifying the coefficient with negative frequency, such that the combined effects of the two are insensitive to human eyes

scholarly journals Color image watermarking using multidimensional Fourier transforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Kin Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Quaternion Fourier Transform ◽  
Just Noticeable Distortion ◽  
Human Eyes

This thesis presents two vector watermarking schemes that are based on the use of complex and quaternion Fourier transforms and demonstrates, for the first time, how to embed watermarks into the coefficients consistent with our human visual systems (HVS). Watermark casting is performed by estimating the Just-Noticeable distortion (JND) of the images, to ensure watermark invisibility. The first method encodes the chromatic content of a color image as CIE a*b* chromaticity coordinates whereas the achromatic content is encoded as CIE L tristimulus value. Color watermarks (yellow and blue) are embedded in the frequency domain of the chromatic channels by using Spatio Chromatic Discrete Fourier Transform (SCDFT). It first encodes a* and b* as complex values, followed by a single discrete Fourier Transform. The most interesting characteristic of the scheme is the possibility of performing watermarking in the frequency domain of chromatic components. The second method encodes the L*a*b* components of color images and color watermarks are embedded as vectors in the frequency domain of the channels by using the Quaternion Fourier Transform (QFT). The idea is twofold: Robustness is achieved by embedding a color watermark in the coefficient with positive frequency, which spreads it to all components in the spatial domain. On the other hand, invisibility is satisfied by modifying the coefficient with negative frequency, such that the combined effects of the two are insensitive to human eyes

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