Apoptosis and Functional Changes of Dipeptide Transporter (PepT1) in the Rat Small Intestine After Traumatic Brain Injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hua Hang ◽  
Ji-Xin Shi ◽  
Bing-Wei Sun ◽  
Jie-Shou Li
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Dipeptide Transporter

scholarly journals Functional changes in the sleep-wake cycle after experimental traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Гаврилов ◽  
К.З. Деревцова ◽  
Е.А. Корнева
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Acute Changes

Актуальность. Хроническое нарушение цикла «сон-бодрствование» является частым последствием черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ), однако патогенез этого явления неизвестен. Недоступность прижизненного гистологического анализа пораженных структур головного мозга, полиморфность повреждений при ЧМТ создают определенные трудности для систематического изучения посттравматических нарушений. Большая часть современных исследований сфокусирована на острых изменениях активности клеток мозга после ЧМТ. Проблема изучения отдаленных последствий после перенесенной ЧМТ остается не менее актуальной. Характерные для посттравматического периода нарушения сна существенно влияют на когнитивную активность и вызывают вторичные функциональные изменения, приводящие к последующему снижению трудоспособности и качества жизни людей, перенесших травму. Целью исследования стало изучение нарушений цикла «сон-бодрствование» в течение нескольких недель после ЧМТ у крыс по результатам анализа электроэнцефалограмм. Методы. Для объективной оценки нарушений сна использовали полисомнографию. Проанализированы данные электрофизиологических изменений через 1, 7 и 28 дней после травмы. Результаты. Обнаружено отставленное (через 28 дней) влияние ЧМТ на показатели цикла «сон-бодрствование»: повышение продолжительности сна за счёт возрастания длительности периодов сна в темное время суток в часы активного бодрствования крыс, с соответствующим снижением индекса фрагментации сна. Заключение. Выявленный характер нарушений сна после ЧМТ позволяет приблизиться к пониманию адекватных способов терапии, направленной на нормализацию цикла сон-бодрствование, что поможет снизить развитие посттравматической астении. Background. Chronic disturbance of the sleep-wake cycle is a frequent consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with an unknown pathogenesis. Unavailability of intravital histological analysis of affected brain structures and the polymorphism of TBI complicate systematic study of posttraumatic disorders. Most of current research focuses on acute changes in brain cell activity following TBI. The issue of long-term TBI consequences is still relevant. Sleep disorders typical for the post-traumatic period considerably affect the cognitive function and cause secondary functional changes that lead to impaired working ability. In addition, TBI decreases the patients’ quality of life. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate disorders of the sleep-wake cycle during several weeks after TBI in rats using electroencephalographic analysis. Methods. The polysomnography study detected electrophysiological changes at 1, 7, and 28 days after trauma. Results. A delayed (28 days) impact of TBI on indexes of the sleep-wake cycle included an increased sleep duration due to longer sleep periods in the dark time of day, during the hours of rat active waking with a corresponding decrease in the sleep fragmentation index. Conclusion. The identified nature of post-TBI sleep disorders provides better understanding of adequate therapy aimed at normalizing the sleep-wake cycle, which will help reduce the development of post-traumatic asthenia.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes Resembling Motor Neuron Disease

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Wright ◽  
Shijie Liu ◽  
Chris van der Poel ◽  
Stuart J. McDonald ◽  
Rhys D. Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neuron Disease ◽  
Functional Changes

Late Functional Changes Post–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Are Related to Community Reentry Support

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. E26-E34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Jourdan ◽  
E. Bayen ◽  
C. Vallat-Azouvi ◽  
I. Ghout ◽  
E. Darnoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Community Reentry ◽  
Functional Changes

scholarly journals Visuospatial Attention Allocation as an Indicator of Cognitive Deficit in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta A. Walz ◽  
Revathy Mani ◽  
Mohammed M. Alnawmasi ◽  
Sieu K. Khuu
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined by changes in brain function resulting from external forces acting on the brain and is typically characterized by a host of physiological and functional changes such as cognitive deficits including attention problems. In the present study, we focused on the effect of TBI on the ability to allocate attention in vision (i.e., the use of endogenous and exogenous visual cues) by systematically reviewing previous literature on the topic. We conducted quantitative synthesis of 16 selected studies of visual attention following TBI, calculating 80 effect size estimates. The combined effect size was large (g = 0.79, p < 0.0001) with medium heterogeneity (I2 = 68.39%). Subgroup analyses revealed an increase in deficit with moderate-to-severe and severe TBI as compared to mild TBI [F(2, 76) = 24.14, p < 0.0001]. Task type was another key source of variability and subgroup analyses indicated that higher order attention processes were severely affected by TBI [F(2, 77) = 5.66, p = 0.0051). Meta-regression analyses revealed significant improvement in visual attention deficit with time [p(mild) = 0.031, p(moderate-to-severe) = 0.002, p(severe) < 0.0001]. Taken together, these results demonstrate that visual attention is affected by TBI and that regular assessment of visual attention, using a systematic attention allocation task, may provide a useful clinical measure of cognitive impairment and change after TBI.

scholarly journals B-49 Family Expectations regarding Functional Disability following Moderate/Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-995
Author(s):  
A Fedio ◽  
J Sexton ◽  
M Dekarchuk ◽  
C Roper ◽  
S Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Treatment Motivation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Family Expectations ◽  
Severe Tbi

Abstract Objective The present study explored self-concept and treatment motivation in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on what their family members recalled having been told by health care professionals to expect about functional changes following brain injury. Method Adult family members (76% female) of nineteen individuals with moderate/severe TBI (mean age 38; 4 yrs post) were asked about expected functional changes. Patients completed the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS:2) and Motivation for Rehabilitation Treatment Questionnaire. Patients and families completed the Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory (NFI). Results of point biserial correlational analyses (p < .05) are reported. Results NFI and TSCS:2 results placed within the average range. Patients expressed stronger interest in rehabilitation when their families had been told that they might not have survived or that they would not recover to their premorbid levels (r = .43-.47). When families had not been told to expect changes, patients were more self-critical and evidenced lower personal self-concept if not warned specifically about cognitive problems (r =.44 ). When families were told not to expect recovery, patients acknowledged lower family and personal self-concept (r = .53-.64) and poorer self-satisfaction (r = .66). Conclusions Key findings underscore detrimental impact on TBI patients when their families did not expect functional changes during recovery. Patients expressed greater interest in rehabilitation when their families had been told they would not recover to their premorbid baseline. Results suggest that health professionals should inform families about potential physical, cognitive, and emotional changes following moderate/severe TBI; negative residua of not doing so may persist in patients for years into recovery.

Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanical Response of Porcine Brain Under High Strain Rate Tests

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Prabhu ◽  
Mark Horstemeyer ◽  
Esteban Marin ◽  
Jun Liao ◽  
Matt Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Mechanical Insult

The brain is one of the most critical organs of the human body during life-threatening and injury sustaining accidents. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to mechanical insult of the head is a leading cause of death and life-long disability in the United States. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has estimated that, on average, 1.4 million Americans sustain TBI every year, 20% of which are the result of motor vehicle-traffic accidents. Nearly 50,000 people die of TBI each year. Around 5.3 million Americans currently have long-term disabilities after sustaining a TBI. Some of these long-term disabilities are linked to functional changes affecting thinking, sensation, language and emotions [1]. Direct and indirect medical costs related to TBI amounted to an estimated $60 billion in the United States in 2000 [2]. TBIs have a deep impact on our society and require effective protective measures to curb consequent injuries and disabilities [3].

Structural and functional changes of cerebral regions in a rat model of closed-head traumatic brain injury

Injury ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. S22
Author(s):  
Y.R. Liu ◽  
L. Cardamone ◽  
T.J. O’Brien ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
V. Bouilleret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Closed Head

Functional Correlates of Midline Brain Volume Loss in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma B. Guild ◽  
Brian Levine
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Physical Complaints ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with long-term changes in daily life functioning, yet the neuroanatomical correlates of these changes are poorly understood. This study related outcome assessed across several domains to brain structure derived from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sixty individuals spanning a wide range of TBI severity participated 1-year post-injury as part of the Toronto TBI study. Volumetric data over 38 brain regions were derived from high resolution T1-weighted MRI scans. Functioning was assessed with a battery of self- and significant-other rated measures. Multivariate analysis (partial least squares) was used to identify shared variance between the neuroimaging and outcome measures. TBI was associated with item endorsement on outcome questionnaires without strong evidence for severity or focal lesion effects. Prefrontal midline, cingulate, medial temporal, right inferior parietal and basal ganglia/thalamic volumes were associated with measures of initiative, energization, and physical complaints. In the chronic stage of TBI, self-initiation, energization, and physical complaints related to a specific pattern of volume loss in midline and lateral regions known to be involved in motivation, apathy, and attention. These results suggest that crucial functional changes in chronic TBI may be associated with volume loss in established midline-frontal and attentional circuits. (JINS, 2015,21, 650–655)

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