scholarly journals A computerized exposure system for animal models to optimize nicotine delivery into the brain through inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors or cigarette smoke

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawaz Alasmari ◽  
Laura E. Crotty Alexander ◽  
Christopher A. Drummond ◽  
Youssef Sari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

10.3791/55672 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony N. Hage ◽  
Will Krause ◽  
Angela Mathues ◽  
Luke Krasner ◽  
Seth Kasten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Exposure System

Animal models of alcohol use disorder and the brain: From casual drinking to dependence.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Crowley ◽  
Nigel C. Dao ◽  
Sarah N. Magee ◽  
Alexandre J. Bourcier ◽  
Emily G. Lowery-Gionta
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Is There a Brain Microbiome?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 263310552110187
Author(s):  
Christopher D Link
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

Numerous studies have identified microbial sequences or epitopes in pathological and non-pathological human brain samples. It has not been resolved if these observations are artifactual, or truly represent population of the brain by microbes. Given the tempting speculation that resident microbes could play a role in the many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases that currently lack clear etiologies, there is a strong motivation to determine the “ground truth” of microbial existence in living brains. Here I argue that the evidence for the presence of microbes in diseased brains is quite strong, but a compelling demonstration of resident microbes in the healthy human brain remains to be done. Dedicated animal models studies may be required to determine if there is indeed a “brain microbiome.”

scholarly journals Thymoquinone and Curcumin Defeat Aging-Associated Oxidative Alterations Induced by D-Galactose in Rats’ Brain and Heart

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6839
Author(s):  
Ali H. El-Far ◽  
Yaser H. A. Elewa ◽  
Elsayeda-Zeinab A. Abdelfattah ◽  
Abdel-Wahab A. Alsenosy ◽  
Mustafa S. Atta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Adapter Molecule ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bcl2 Expression

D-galactose (D-gal) administration causes oxidative disorder and is widely utilized in aging animal models. Therefore, we subcutaneously injected D-gal at 200 mg/kg BW dose to assess the potential preventive effect of thymoquinone (TQ) and curcumin (Cur) against the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal. Other than the control, vehicle, and D-gal groups, the TQ and Cur treated groups were orally supplemented at 20 mg/kg BW of each alone or combined. TQ and Cur effectively suppressed the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal in brain and heart tissues. The TQ and Cur combination significantly decreased the elevated necrosis in the brain and heart by D-gal. It significantly reduced brain caspase 3, calbindin, and calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1), heart caspase 3, and BCL2. Expression of mRNA of the brain and heart TP53, p21, Bax, and CASP-3 were significantly downregulated in the TQ and Cur combination group along with upregulation of BCL2 in comparison with the D-gal group. Data suggested that the TQ and Cur combination is a promising approach in aging prevention.

Application of a real-ambient fine particulate matter exposure system on different animal models

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Song ◽  
Lifang Zhao ◽  
Zenghua Qi ◽  
Yanhao Zhang ◽  
Guodong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Comparison of Oxidative Effects of Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Smoke Exposure Performed Experimentally

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Oktay Aslaner
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Oxidative Effects

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Cigarette smoking is a life-threatening habit that has rapidly spread in every socioeconomic part of the public worldwide. There exist mechanisms of nicotine delivery available to use in the hope of halting cigarette smoking, and the electronic cigarette (EC) is one of the common methods used for tobacco smoking replacement. This study aimed to investigate experimentally the oxidative effects of tobacco smoke and EC smoke which contain nicotine. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We constructed smoke circuit rooms for exposing the rats to EC or tobacco smoke. Three groups were created, the control group (<i>N</i> = 8); the electronic cigarette group (<i>N</i> = 8), exposure to electronic cigarette smoke for 2 h per day; and the tobacco group (<i>N</i> = 8), exposure to traditional cigarette smoke for 2 h per day. After the first and second week of exposure, blood samples were obtained, and serum oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and prolidase levels were evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Higher values of OSI and prolidase levels were detected in the first week of EC or tobacco smoke exposure in both study groups (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) when compared with the control group, and partial decrements were observed in the second week. By contrast, elevated PON1 levels were observed in the second week after EC or tobacco smoke exposure. The highest OSI levels were observed in the tobacco smoke group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The lowest values of PON1 levels were detected in the first week of the electronic cigarette smoke group, and this decremental value was statistically different than normal, the second week of the electronic cigarette smoke group, the first week of the traditional cigarette smoke exposure group, and the second week of the traditional cigarette smoke exposure group values (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.000). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results indicate that EC smoke induced oxidative stress. Therefore, ECs are potentially risky for human health and can lead to important health problems.

scholarly journals The brain decade in debate: II. Panic or anxiety? From animal models to a neurobiological basis

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andreatini ◽  
C. Blanchard ◽  
R. Blanchard ◽  
M.L. Brandão ◽  
A.P. Carobrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
The Brain
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