Scramble-like contest competition in Callosobruchus analis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Mano ◽  
Yukihiko Toquenaga ◽  
Koichi Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Contest Competition ◽  
Callosobruchus Analis

scholarly journals Occurrence of Dinarmus basalis in Callosobruchus analis in stored soybean in São Paulo, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmir Antonio Costa ◽  
Élio César Guzzo ◽  
André Luiz Lourenção ◽  
Márcio Aurélio Garcia Correia Tavares ◽  
José Djair Vendramim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Dinarmus Basalis ◽  
Callosobruchus Analis ◽  
Important Pest

Callosobruchus analis (F.) is considered an important pest in several countries in Africa, Asia and Oceania. It has been observed infesting seeds belonging to 15 Leguminosae genera, including peanut, bean, chickpea, pea, cowpea, and soybean. One of its main natural enemies is the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), whose control efficiency has already been demonstrated in several studies. This paper records the occurrence of C. analis and its parasitoid, D. basalis, in stored soybean of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Human third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Robert Caton ◽  
Barnaby Dixson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Contest Competition ◽  
Contest Theory ◽  
Fighting Ability ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Animal Contest ◽  
Resource Holding Power ◽  
Unique Path

Sexual selection via male-male contest competition has shaped the evolution of agonistic displays, weaponry, and fighting styles, and is further argued to have shaped human psychological mechanisms to detect, process, and respond appropriately to cues of fighting ability. Drawing on the largest fight-specific dataset to date across the sports and biological sciences (N = 2,765), we examined how different indicators of fighting ability in humans reflect unique paths to victory and indicate different forms of perceived and actual resource-holding power (RHP). Overall, we discovered that: (1) both striking skill and vigour, and grappling skill and vigour, individually and collectively predict RHP; (2) different RHP indicators are distinguished by a unique path to victory (e.g., striking skill is a knockout-typical strategy, whereas grappling vigour is a submission-typical strategy); and (3) third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory. Our argument that different measures of RHP are associated with unique paths to victory, and third-party observers accurately track fighting vigour and skill along their unique paths to victory, advance our understanding not only of human contest competition, but animal contest theory more broadly.

scholarly journals Impact Protection Potential of Mammalian Hair: Testing the Pugilism Hypothesis for the Evolution of Human Facial Hair

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Beseris ◽  
S E Naleway ◽  
D R Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Contest Competition ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Facial Hair

Abstract Because facial hair is one of the most sexually dimorphic features of humans (Homo sapiens) and is often perceived as an indicator of masculinity and social dominance, human facial hair has been suggested to play a role in male contest competition. Some authors have proposed that the beard may function similar to the long hair of a lion’s mane, serving to protect vital areas like the throat and jaw from lethal attacks. This is consistent with the observation that the mandible, which is superficially covered by the beard, is one of the most commonly fractured facial bones in interpersonal violence. We hypothesized that beards protect the skin and bones of the face when human males fight by absorbing and dispersing the energy of a blunt impact. We tested this hypothesis by measuring impact force and energy absorbed by a fiber epoxy composite, which served as a bone analog, when it was covered with skin that had thick hair (referred to here as “furred”) versus skin with no hair (referred to here as “sheared” and “plucked”). We covered the epoxy composite with segments of skin dissected from domestic sheep (Ovis aries), and used a drop weight impact tester affixed with a load cell to collect force versus time data. Tissue samples were prepared in three conditions: furred (n = 20), plucked (n = 20), and sheared (n = 20). We found that fully furred samples were capable of absorbing more energy than plucked and sheared samples. For example, peak force was 16% greater and total energy absorbed was 37% greater in the furred compared to the plucked samples. These differences were due in part to a longer time frame of force delivery in the furred samples. These data support the hypothesis that human beards protect vulnerable regions of the facial skeleton from damaging strikes.

scholarly journals Causes, mechanisms, and consequences of contest competition among female mountain gorillas in Rwanda

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril C. Grueter ◽  
Andrew M. Robbins ◽  
Didier Abavandimwe ◽  
Veronica Vecellio ◽  
Felix Ndagijimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contest Competition ◽  
Mountain Gorillas

Contact Sex Pheromone Components of the Seed Beetle, Callosobruchus analis (F.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Shimomura ◽  
Kazuaki Akasaka ◽  
Arata Yajima ◽  
Takanori Mimura ◽  
Shunsuke Yajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Contact Sex Pheromone ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Callosobruchus Analis ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components
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