Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuritogenesis by estradiol: Recent advances

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Angeles Arevalo ◽  
Isabel Ruiz-Palmero ◽  
María Julia Scerbo ◽  
Estefanía Acaz-Fonseca ◽  
María Julia Cambiasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Advances

Cellular modulation by the elasticity of biomaterials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxuan Han ◽  
Caihong Zhu ◽  
Qianping Guo ◽  
Huilin Yang ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Matrix Elasticity ◽  
Recent Advances

The elasticity of the extracellular matrix has been increasingly recognized as a dominating factor of cell fate and activities. This review provides an overview of the general principles and recent advances in the field of matrix elasticity-dependent regulation of a variety of cellular activities and functions, the underlying biomechanical and molecular mechanisms, as well as the pathophysiological implications.

Insulin receptors: binding kinetics and structure-function relationship of insulin

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1321-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gammeltoft
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Binding Kinetics ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Insulin Degradation ◽  
Recent Advances

During the last decade, earlier suggestions that insulin acts at the plasma membrane level via combination with receptors have been amply confirmed in studies of 125I-labeled insulin binding kinetics. Efforts have been devoted to the development of homogeneous, stable, and bioactive tracers, and a preparation of monoiodo[TyrA14]insulin showed 100-125% biological activity. The initially simple model of reversible, bimolecular, and noncooperative interaction between receptor and insulin has been revised to include the existence of at least three affinity states that may be linked to modulation of the biological response induced by the insulin-receptor complex. Thus negative cooperativity seems important in reducing oscillations of insulin action with variations in plasma insulin concentration, and formation of a high-affinity state or positive cooperativity may lead to desensitization of receptors. The kinetic phenomena suggest that receptor-binding affinity and function are actively regulated by insulin itself. At present the receptor model is purely functional and does not imply molecular mechanisms. However, recent advances in the analysis of receptor structure and biochemistry promise that the molecular equivalents of the kinetic phenomena may be elucidated in the near future. Furthermore the reaction between receptor and insulin is irreversible because of degradation of receptor-bound insulin, which may result in termination of the metabolic activation. Morphological and biochemical work suggests that internalization of the receptor-insulin complex from the plasma membrane transfers insulin to intracellular organelles like the lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, or nucleus, where degradation by insulin protease takes place, whereas the receptor is recycled back to the membrane. Recent advances in the studies of biosynthesis and cellular dynamics of receptors indicate that intracellular processing and redistribution of binding sites may play a role in the mechanism of insulin action. Insulin receptors are widely distributed in all cell types, but evidence has accumulated that receptors show tissue and species variations in their functional properties regarding binding affinity, insulin specificity, cooperativity, and insulin degradation and in structural properties such as antigenic determinants and glycosidic composition. Perhaps these differences reflect cellular adaptations and variations in the physiological role of insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatoblastoma Tumors

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Cristóbal ◽  
Marta Sanz-Álvarez ◽  
Melani Luque ◽  
Cristina Caramés ◽  
Federico Rojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Hepatic Malignancy ◽  
Recent Advances

Hepatoblastoma is the most common hepatic malignancy during childhood. However, little is still known about the molecular mechanisms that govern the development of this disease. This review is focused on the recent advances regarding the study of microRNAs in hepatoblastoma and their substantial contribution to improv our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease. We show here that miRNAs represent valuable tools to identify signaling pathways involved in hepatoblastoma progression as well as useful biomarkers and novel molecular targets to develop alternative therapeutic strategies in this disease.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Strategies of Cardioprotection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso Caricati-Neto ◽  
Paolo Ruggero Errante ◽  
Francisco Sandro Menezes-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Recent Advances

Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Although the principal form of treatment of IHD is myocardial reperfusion, the recovery of coronary blood flow after ischemia can cause severe and fatal cardiac dysfunctions, mainly due to the abrupt entry of oxygen and ionic deregulation in cardiac cells. The ability of these cells to protect themselves against injury including ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), has been termed “cardioprotection”. This protective response can be stimulated by pharmacological agents (adenosine, catecholamines and others) and non-pharmacological procedures (conditioning, hypoxia and others). Several intracellular signaling pathways mediated by chemical messengers (enzymes, protein kinases, transcription factors and others) and cytoplasmic organelles (mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and sarcolemma) are involved in cardioprotective responses. Therefore, advancement in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective response can lead to the development of new pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for cardioprotection, thus contributing to increasing the efficacy of IHD treatment. In this work, we analyze the recent advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies of cardioprotection.

scholarly journals The Current Status of Research on Gibberellin Biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1832-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hedden
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Gibberellin Metabolism ◽  
Recent Advances

Abstract Gibberellins are produced by all vascular plants and several fungal and bacterial species that associate with plants as pathogens or symbionts. In the 60 years since the first experiments on the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, research on gibberellin biosynthesis has advanced to provide detailed information on the pathways, biosynthetic enzymes and their genes in all three kingdoms, in which the production of the hormones evolved independently. Gibberellins function as hormones in plants, affecting growth and differentiation in organs in which their concentration is very tightly regulated. Current research in plants is focused particularly on the regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation by developmental and environmental cues, and there is now considerable information on the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. There have also been recent advances in understanding gibberellin transport and distribution and their relevance to plant development. This review describes our current understanding of gibberellin metabolism and its regulation, highlighting the more recent advances in this field.

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