Comparative vesicle proteomics reveals selective regulation of protein expression in chestnut blight fungus by a hypovirus

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzi Wang ◽  
Fangzhen Wang ◽  
Youjun Feng ◽  
Ke Mi ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus

The chestnut blight fungus world tour: successive introduction events from diverse origins in an invasive plant fungal pathogen

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 3931-3946 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. DUTECH ◽  
B. BARRÈS ◽  
J. BRIDIER ◽  
C. ROBIN ◽  
M. G. MILGROOM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Plant Fungal Pathogen

Crypt1, an active Ac-like transposon from the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica

2001 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Linder-Basso ◽  
R. Foglia ◽  
P. Zhu ◽  
B.I. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus

scholarly journals Hard Mast Production Before and After the Chestnut Blight

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth J. Diamond ◽  
Robert H. Giles ◽  
Roy L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Gary J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mast Production

Abstract We estimated hard mast production of a Southern Appalachian forest for two 10 yr intervals: one before and one, 35 yr after, the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) (Murr.) Barr, had killed all mature chestnut trees. The basal area of hard mast-producing trees in the postblight forest was 28% less than in the preblight forest. The estimate of hard mast output was 34% less after the chestnut blight. Postblight production was less than preblight production for 8 of 10 yr. During 5 of these years, postblight production was only 5-27% of preblight production. Annual preblight mast production was relatively stable, whereas annual postblight production fluctuated substantially. Our findings suggest that the loss of mature chestnuts (Castanea dentata) markedly reduced the Southern Appalachian forest's carrying capacity for certain wildlife species. South. J. Appl. For 24(4):196-201.

scholarly journals Characterization of Hypovirus-Derived Small RNAs Generated in the Chestnut Blight Fungus by an Inducible DCL-2-Dependent Pathway

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 2613-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemin Zhang ◽  
Gert C. Segers ◽  
Qihong Sun ◽  
Fuyou Deng ◽  
Donald L. Nuss
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Fungal Host ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Suppressor Of Rna Silencing ◽  
Dependent Pathway

ABSTRACT The disruption of one of two dicer genes, dcl-2, of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica was recently shown to increase susceptibility to mycovirus infection (G. C. Segers, X. Zhang, F. Deng, Q. Sun, and D. L. Nuss, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:12902-12906, 2007). We now report the accumulation of virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs) in hypovirus CHV1-EP713-infected wild-type and dicer gene dcl-1 mutant C. parasitica strains but not in hypovirus-infected dcl-2 mutant and dcl-1 dcl-2 double-mutant strains. The CHV1-EP713 vsRNAs were produced from both the positive and negative viral RNA strands at a ratio of 3:2 in a nonrandom distribution along the viral genome. We also show that C. parasitica responds to hypovirus and mycoreovirus infections with a significant increase (12- to 20-fold) in dcl-2 expression while the expression of dcl-1 is increased only modestly (2-fold). The expression of dcl-2 is further increased (∼35-fold) following infection with a hypovirus CHV1-EP713 mutant that lacks the p29 suppressor of RNA silencing. The combined results demonstrate the biogenesis of mycovirus-derived small RNAs in a fungal host through the action of a specific dicer gene, dcl-2. They also reveal that dcl-2 expression is significantly induced in response to mycovirus infection by a mechanism that appears to be repressed by the hypovirus-encoded p29 suppressor of RNA silencing.

scholarly journals Investigation of Host Range of and Host Defense against a Mitochondrially Replicating Mitovirus

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabitree Shahi ◽  
Ana Eusebio-Cope ◽  
Hideki Kondo ◽  
Bradley I. Hillman ◽  
Nobuhiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Protoplast Fusion ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus

ABSTRACT Mitoviruses (genus Mitovirus, family Narnaviridae) are mitochondrially replicating viruses that have the simplest positive-sense RNA genomes of 2.2 to 4.4 kb with a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Cryphonectria parasitica mitovirus 1 (CpMV1) from U.S. strain NB631 of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, was the first virus identified as a mitochondrially replicating virus. Despite subsequent discovery of many other mitoviruses from diverse fungi, no great advances in understanding mitovirus biology have emerged, partly because of the lack of inoculation methods. Here we developed a protoplast fusion-based protocol for horizontal transmission of CpMV1 that entailed fusion of recipient and donor protoplasts, hyphal anastomosis, and single-conidium isolation. This method allowed expansion of the host range to many other C. parasitica strains. Species within and outside the family Cryphonectriaceae, Cryphonectria radicalis and Valsa ceratosperma, also supported the replication of CpMV1 at a level comparable to that in the natural host. No stable maintenance of CpMV1 was observed in Helminthosporium victoriae. PCR-based haplotyping of virus-infected fungal strains confirmed the recipient mitochondrial genetic background. Phenotypic comparison between CpMV1-free and -infected isogenic strains revealed no overt effects of the virus. Taking advantage of the infectivity to the standard strain C. parasitica EP155, accumulation levels were compared among antiviral RNA silencing-proficient and -deficient strains in the EP155 background. Comparable accumulation levels were observed among these strains, suggesting the avoidance of antiviral RNA silencing by CpMV1, which is consistent with its mitochondrial replication. Collectively, the results of study provide a foundation to further explore the biology of mitoviruses. IMPORTANCE Capsidless mitoviruses, which are ubiquitously detected in filamentous fungi, have the simplest RNA genomes of 2.2 to 4.4 kb, encoding only RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Despite their simple genomes, detailed biological characterization of mitoviruses has been hampered by their mitochondrial location within the cell, posing challenges to their experimental introduction and study. Here we developed a protoplast fusion-based protocol for horizontal transfer of the prototype mitovirus, Cryphonectria parasitica mitovirus 1 (CpMV1), which was isolated from strain NB631 of the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica), a model filamentous fungus for studying virus-host interactions. The host range of CpMV1 has been expanded to many different strains of C. parasitica and different fungal species within and outside the Cryphonectriaceae. Comparison of CpMV1 accumulation among various RNA silencing-deficient and -competent strains showed clearly that the virus was unaffected by RNA silencing. This study provides a solid foundation for further exploration of mitovirus-host interactions.

scholarly journals Saprophytic Activity and Sporulation of Cryphonectria parasitica on Dead Chestnut Wood in Forests with Naturally Established Hypovirulence

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prospero ◽  
M. Conedera ◽  
U. Heiniger ◽  
D. Rigling
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chestnut Wood

Sustainable biological control of the chestnut blight fungus Crypho-nectria parasitica with hypovirulence depends on the production and dissemination of hypovirus-infected propagules of the pathogen. We investigated the ability of C. parasitica to sporulate and produce hypo-virus-infected spores on recently dead chestnut wood in coppice stands in southern Switzerland where hypovirulence has been naturally established. The number and type (active, inactive, or none) of cankers was assessed on experimentally cut and stacked stems, firewood stacks, and natural dead wood. Hypovirus-free and hypovirus-infected strains readily survived for more than 1 year in the chestnut blight cankers of the stacked stems. Sporulation of C. parasitica was observed on the surface of preexisting inactive and active cankers, as well as on newly colonized bark areas and was significantly more abundant than on comparable cankers on living stems. On all types of dead wood, we observed more stromata with perithecia than with pycnidia; however, a large proportion of the stromata was not differentiated. All perithecia examined yielded only hypovirus-free ascospores. The incidence of pycnidia that produced hypovirus-infected conidia ranged from 5% on natural dead wood to 41% on the experimental stacks. The mean virus transmission rate into conidia was 69%. Our study demonstrates a considerable saprophytic activity of C. parasitica on recently dead chestnut wood and supports the hypothesis of a role of this saprophytic phase in the epidemiology of hypovirulence.

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