Short- and long-distance control of root development by LjHAR1 during the juvenile stage of Lotus japonicus

2007 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Mihaela Buzas ◽  
Peter Michael Gresshoff
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Control

Long-distance control of nodulation: Molecules and models

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimpei Magori ◽  
Masayoshi Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Control

A shared gene drives lateral root development and root nodule symbiosis pathways in Lotus

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6468) ◽  
pp. 1021-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Soyano ◽  
Yoshikazu Shimoda ◽  
Masayoshi Kawaguchi ◽  
Makoto Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Lateral Organ ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

Legumes develop root nodules in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Rhizobia evoke cell division of differentiated cortical cells into root nodule primordia for accommodating bacterial symbionts. In this study, we show that NODULE INCEPTION (NIN), a transcription factor in Lotus japonicus that is essential for initiating cortical cell divisions during nodulation, regulates the gene ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2-LIKE18/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16a (ASL18/LBD16a). Orthologs of ASL18/LBD16a in nonlegume plants are required for lateral root development. Coexpression of ASL18a and the CCAAT box–binding protein Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) subunits, which are also directly targeted by NIN, partially suppressed the nodulation-defective phenotype of L. japonicusdaphne mutants, in which cortical expression of NIN was attenuated. Our results demonstrate that ASL18a and NF-Y together regulate nodule organogenesis. Thus, a lateral root developmental pathway is incorporated downstream of NIN to drive nodule symbiosis.

scholarly journals Fast long-distance control of spin qubits by photon-assisted cotunneling

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stano ◽  
Jelena Klinovaja ◽  
Floris R. Braakman ◽  
Lieven M. K. Vandersypen ◽  
Daniel Loss
Keyword(s):  
Spin Qubits ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Control

A Design of the Environment Monitoring System

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Control ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
Gsm Network

In order to improve the deficiency of environmental monitoring system in real-time, remote monitoring and other aspects, this paper designs an environmental monitoring system based on MCU and GSM network. It designs the struture diagram of the system and analyzes the procedure of data collection and transmission. This system achieves net control and long-distance control of the environmental monitoring.

Action at a distance

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Athula Ekanayake
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Distance Control ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Case Organization

Purpose By using Latour’s notion of “action at a distance” (Latour, 1987), the purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which the government acts at a distance to achieve corporate governance of public sector banks, and the extent to which accounting enables such actions of the government. Design/methodology/approach This study follows the qualitative research approach and adopts the case study research method. A major public sector bank in Sri Lanka was selected as the case organization for this study. Data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with organizational participants and document study. Findings The study provides evidence to suggest that inscriptions produced through four areas of accounting, namely external reporting, external auditing, management accounting and internal auditing, have the capacity to develop strong explanations enabling action at a distance and good corporate governance in the case organization. The study also provides evidence to show how the role of accounting in long-distance control and corporate governance in the case organization is influenced by various contextual factors. In particular, the study finds that undue government interference over the case organization to gain the long-distance control have resulted in deteriorating the level of corporate governance. Research limitations/implications The findings support the literature that examines the accounting in its social context. Practical implications The findings suggest that actors should be allowed to operate independently, particularly without political expedience and undue influences from pressure groups, which ensure effective utilization of accounting inscriptions by the actors in long-distance control as well as good corporate governance of public sector banks. Originality/value Although research into accounting in public sector organizations has gained considerable importance in recent times, those studies examining public sector banks are still lacking. The paper aims to fill this gap.

scholarly journals Induction and Spatial Organization of Polyamine Biosynthesis During Nodule Development in Lotus japonicus

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1283-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Flemetakis ◽  
Rodica C. Efrose ◽  
Guilhem Desbrosses ◽  
Maria Dimou ◽  
Costas Delis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Cyclin D3 ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcript Levels

Putrescine and other polyamines are produced by two alternative pathways in plants. One pathway starts with the enzyme arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19), the other with ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17). Metabolite profiling of nitrogen-fixing Lotus japonicus nodules, using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, revealed a two- to sixfold increase in putrescine levels in mature nodules compared with other organs. Genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis in L. japonicus nodules were identified by isolating cDNA clones encoding ADC (LjADC1) and ODC (LjODC) from a nodule library. Searches of the public expressed sequence tag databases revealed the presence of a second gene encoding ADC (LjADC2). Real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that LjADC1 and LjADC2 were expressed throughout the plant, while LjODC transcripts were detected only in nodules and roots. Induction of LjODC and LjADC gene expression during nodule development preceded symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcripts accumulation was maximal at 10 days postinfection, when a 6.5-fold increase in the transcript levels of LjODC was observed in comparison with the uninfected roots, while a twofold increase in the transcript levels of LjADC1 and LjADC2 was detected. At later stages of nodule development, transcripts for ADC drastically declined, while in the case of ODC, transcript accumulation was higher than that in roots until after 21 days postinfection. The expression profile of genes involved in putrescine biosynthesis correlated well with the expression patterns of genes involved in cell division and expansion, including a L. japonicus Cyclin D3 and an α-expansin gene. Spatial localization of LjODC and LjADC1 gene transcripts in developing nodules revealed that both transcripts were expressed in nodule inner cortical cells and in the central tissue. High levels of LjADC1 transcripts were also observed in both nodule and connecting root vascular tissue, suggesting that putrescine and other polyamines may be subject to long-distance transport. Our results indicate that polyamines are primarily involved in physiological and cellular processes involved in nodule development, rather than in processes that support directly symbiotic nitrogen fixation and assimilation.

Science by regimento: Standardising Long-Distance Control and New Spaces of Knowledge in Early Modern Portuguese Cosmography

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Distance Control ◽  
Complex Process

European expansion produced great transformations in the way modern societies were organised as well as in the management of new practices and spaces of knowledge. This article analyses the ways in which the Iberian world responded to such transformations through the creation of a series of control mechanisms that constitute the prehistory of the modern ways of standardising science. This article is thus a contribution to discussions of the normative and institutional development involving long-distance control that took place amongst the expansionist powers of early modern Europe. It examines one of the normative artefacts implemented by the Portuguese crown from the sixteenth to the seventeenth century, the Regimento do Cosmógrafo-Mor (1592), the visible face of a complex process of normalisation, control and circulation of information, which ultimately regulated the nautical and cosmographical practice of a long-distance global network. For this reason, this article refers to science by regimento, science that is produced and performed under clear directives. Through the study of this document I aim to highlight not only how the Portuguese overseas enterprise was organised, but also how its technical and scientific configuration, which regulated navigation in the Atlantic, the use of astrolabes, and the directions to depict previously unseen plants and animals, contributed to defining science in early modern Iberian societies.


scholarly journals Long Distance Control of MHC Class II Expression by Multiple Distal Enhancers Regulated by Regulatory Factor X Complex and CIITA

2004 ◽  
Vol 173 (10) ◽  
pp. 6200-6210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Krawczyk ◽  
Nicolas Peyraud ◽  
Natalia Rybtsova ◽  
Krzysztof Masternak ◽  
Philipp Bucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Control
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