On the relevance of experimental studies of cognitive processes for understanding and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Marit Hauschildt ◽  
Reuven Dar
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Salkovskis ◽  
Joan Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Theory ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Negative Appraisals

Chapter 8 explores obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It first outlines the nature of OCD, its prevalence, the development of current treatments, the behavioural theory of OCD and behaviour therapy in practice, deficit theories and cognitive factors, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for OCD, experimental studies of normal intrusive thoughts, distorted thinking and negative appraisals, treatment implications of the cognitive behavioural theory, and strategies in the treatment of OCD.

Do Cognitive Models of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Apply to Children and Adolescents?

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Reynolds ◽  
Jenny Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AbstractCognitive models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have been influential in understanding and treating the disorder in adults. Cognitive models may also be applicable to children and adolescents and would have important implications for treatment. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate research that examined the applicability of the cognitive model of OCD to children and adolescents. Inclusion criteria were set broadly but most studies identified included data regarding responsibility appraisals, thought-action fusion or meta-cognitive models of OCD in children or adolescents. Eleven studies were identified in a systematic literature search. Seven studies were with non clinical samples, and 10 studies were cross-sectional. Only one study did not support cognitive models of OCD in children and adolescents and this was with a clinical sample and was the only experimental study. Overall, the results strongly supported the applicability of cognitive models of OCD to children and young people. There were, however, clear gaps in the literature. Future research should include experimental studies, clinical groups, and should test which of the different models provide more explanatory power.

scholarly journals Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in primary obsessive–compulsive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Pearlman ◽  
Haily S. Vora ◽  
Brian G. Marquis ◽  
Souhel Najjar ◽  
Lauren A. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundAutoimmune-mediated basal ganglia dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders commonly manifesting with obsessive–compulsive features (e.g. Sydenham chorea). The relationship between autoimmunity and primary obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), however, is less clear.AimsTo pool data on serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-basal ganglia antibody (ABGA) positivity in primary OCD (without neurological or autoimmune comorbidity) relative to controls or neuropsychiatric disorders previously associated with increased odds of ABGA positivity.MethodWe performed electronic database and hand-searches for studies meeting pre-specified eligibility criteria from which we extracted data using a standardised form. We calculated pooled estimates of ABGA positivity using a random-effects model.ResultsSeven case–control studies totalling 844 participants met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis showed that a significantly greater proportion of those with primary OCD were ABGA seropositive compared with various controls (odds ratio (OR) = 4.97, 95% CI 2.88–8.55, P<0.00001). This effect was not associated with heterogeneity or publication bias, and remained significant after stratifying the analysis by age, gender, disease severity, illness duration, immunostaining methodology, study quality, publication type, kind of control group, and sample size. There were no significant differences in ABGA seropositivity for comparisons between primary OCD and Tourette syndrome, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome. Results of one study testing CSF samples showed that a significantly greater proportion of participants with primary OCD were ABGA CSF-positive compared with healthy controls (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 1.04–30.20, P = 0.045).ConclusionsOdds of ABGA seropositivity are increased fivefold in primary OCD compared with controls, but are comparable to those associated with disorders previously associated with ABGA, providing circumstantial evidence of autoimmunity in a subset of those with primary OCD. Further experimental studies are needed to ascertain whether this relationship is causal.

A Cognitive Approach to the Treatment of Primary Inferences in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieron O’Connor ◽  
Sophie Robillard
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Narrative Fiction ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Condensed Form ◽  
A Chain ◽  
State Of Affairs

In this article, it is argued that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with overt compulsions, where there is overvalued ideation, is primarily a disorder of the imagination and hence, by implication, psychological therapy should principally address the client’s imagination, rather than other cognitive processes. According to this model, the OCD client imagines a state of affairs which is then taken ‘as if it were a reality and does so because of the persuasive influence of an imaginary narrative fiction. This narrative is replayed, often in condensed form, in the OCD context and leads the client into a chain of maladaptive inferences about a possible state of affairs. The client then acts in accordance with what might be present rather than what is actually present. An inference-based approach (IBA) which directly addresses and challenges the imaginary narrative of the client is outlined, with clinical illustrations. The IBA approach complements other cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and can be used in conjunction with existing CBT methods which focus more on modifying the interpretations and secondary appraisals subsequent to primary inferences.

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