Endophenotypes of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Current status and future directions

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals The Fourth IOCDC

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Eric Hollander ◽  
Joseph Zohar ◽  
Donatella Marazziti
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Ablative Surgery

The Fourth International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Conference (IOCDC) was held February 10–12, 2000, on the beautiful island of St. Thomas. The IOCDC is an annual meeting which brings together the world's leading experts in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders in a small workshop setting to present recent research advances, discuss gaps in our current knowledge, and plan or international approaches that address these knowledge gaps. The IOCDC meetings have been held on islands on both sides of the Atlantic—Capri, Guadeloupe, Madeira, and now St. Thomas.The International Organizing Committee consists of Eric Hollander, MD (USA), Joseph Zohar, MD (Israel), and Donatella Marazziti, MD (Italy). The proceedings are generously supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, and we would like to acknowledge the very important contributions of Chantal Vekens and Mary Blangiardo of Solvay. Also, an mportant part of the success of these meetings stems from the very active role of the chairpersons and cochairpersons of the workshops who lead the discussions, who synthesize the future directions and prepare the manuscripts that result from these discussions that appear in this academic supplement.The meeting led off with a state-of-the-art plenary address by Mark George, MD (USA), describing how new methods of brain stimulation are improving research and therapy in OCD and promise to revolutionize neuropsychiatric research and herapy over the next decade. He describes how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to test the circuits in OCD and test electrophysiologic evaluations of cortical inhibition n OCD. Newer techniques that are less invasive than ablative surgery and appear promising in OCD therapy include vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation.

scholarly journals Brain Stimulation Techniques in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Current and Future Directions

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 966-979,983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Dell'Osso ◽  
Alfredo Carlo Altamura ◽  
Andrea Allen ◽  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Treatments ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractRecent studies on the epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) estimate 50 million patients suffer from OCD worldwide, thus making it a global problem. The treatment of OCD has changed substantially over the last 2 decades following the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which provide symptom improvement in ~60% of patients. However, some patients remain resistant to the standard pharmacologic and behavioral treatments. Although some treatment-resistant patients respond to pharmacologic augmentations, others do not, and there is evidence that some of the most severe cases benefit from treatment with neurosurgical interventions. Besides pharmacologic, behavioral, and neurosurgical approaches, different brain stimulation methods—transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy—have been investigated in treatment-resistant patients with OCD. However, available data about the use of these techniques in OCD treatment are quite limited in terms of sample size and study design, given the difficulty in conducting standard blinded trials for these procedures. In addition, none of the mentioned treatments have received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of OCD. Nevertheless, promising findings regarding efficacy, tolerability, and non-invasiveness and/or reversibility of these techniques have increased interest in investigating their use in treatment-resistant OCD.

Neuropeptides in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahid Kabasakalian ◽  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Reward Mechanisms

The chapter considers past investigations of neuropeptides and their dysregulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, and future directions for study. It reviews how the diagnostic reclassification of OCD in DSM-5, the stress response, reward mechanisms, as well as neuropsychological, functional imaging and genetic studies contribute to understanding of the role that neuropeptides have played in OCD and related areas. Avenues of further investigation are considered in the context of novel endogenous neuropeptides, newly identified roles for established neuropeptides, and the greater understanding of interactions between neuropeptides both with other neuropeptides and with neurotransmitters.

New Methods of Brain Stimulation Are Improving Research and Therapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. George
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Brain

AbstractOver the past decade, new functional neuroimaging tools have enabled researchers to identify the specific brain regions involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). More recently, researchers have perfected several new techniques for stimulating the brain. With some exceptions, these new brain stimulation techniques are regionally specific and less invasive than older methods. As a class, these “somatic interventions” build on prior neuroanatomic information about OCD. This article reviews the past and current status of these brain stimulation methodologies, which promise to revolutionize neuropsychiatric research and therapy over the next 10 to 20 years. As the brain circuits in OCD and the pharmacology within those circuits become better understood, these brain stimulation techniques hold particular promise in helping to understand and perhaps treat OCD.

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