β-Amyloid or its precursor protein is found in epithelial cells of the small intestine and is stimulated by high-fat feeding

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S GALLOWAY ◽  
L JIAN ◽  
R JOHNSEN ◽  
S CHEW ◽  
J MAMO
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Fat Feeding

scholarly journals Intestinal Monoacylglycerol Metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 282 (46) ◽  
pp. 33346-33357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Hyoun Chon ◽  
Yin Xiu Zhou ◽  
Joseph L. Dixon ◽  
Judith Storch
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Fat Feeding ◽  
Expression And Activity

Intestinal monoacylglycerol (MG) metabolism is well known to involve its anabolic reesterification to triacylglycerol (TG). We recently provided evidence for enterocyte MG hydrolysis and demonstrated expression of the monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) gene in human intestinal Caco-2 cells and rodent small intestinal mucosa. Despite the large quantities of MG derived from dietary TG, the regulation of MG metabolism in the intestine has not been previously explored. In the present studies, we examined the mRNA expression, protein expression, and activities of the two known MG-metabolizing enzymes, MGL and MGAT2, in C57BL/6 mouse small intestine, as well as liver and adipose tissues, during development and under nutritional modifications. Results demonstrate that MG metabolism undergoes tissue-specific changes during development. Marked induction of small intestinal MGAT2 protein expression and activity were found during suckling. Moreover, while substantial levels of MGL protein and activity were detected in adult intestine, its regulation during ontogeny was complex, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of expression. In addition, during the suckling period MG hydrolytic activity is likely to derive from carboxyl ester lipase rather than MGL. In contrast to intestinal MGL, liver MGL mRNA, protein and activity all increased 5–10-fold during development, suggesting that transcriptional regulation is the primary mechanism for hepatic MGL expression. Three weeks of high fat feeding (40% kcal) significantly induced MGL expression and activity in small intestine relative to low fat feeding (10% kcal), but little change was observed upon starvation, suggesting a role for MGL in dietary lipid assimilation following a high fat intake.

scholarly journals Continuation of Exercise Is Necessary to Inhibit High Fat Diet-Induced β-Amyloid Deposition and Memory Deficit in Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e72796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Maesako ◽  
Kengo Uemura ◽  
Ayana Iwata ◽  
Masakazu Kubota ◽  
Kiwamu Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Amyloid

scholarly journals Adipose tissue triglyceride lipase mRNA is present in the small intestine and increased in response to acute and chronic high fat feeding in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Uchida ◽  
Mary C. Whitsitt ◽  
Bonggi Lee ◽  
Mikhail N. Slipchenko ◽  
Ji‐Xin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Adipose Tissue Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Feeding

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy of amino acid absorption and transport by the small intestine: inhibition by chemical poisons and correlation to the elemental composition of the epithelial cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Transport Studies

The elemental composition of amino acids is similar to that of the major structural components of the epithelial cells of the small intestine and other tissues. Therefore, their subcellular localization and concentration measurements are not possible by x-ray microanalysis. Radioactive isotope labeling: I131-tyrosine, Se75-methionine and S35-methionine have been successfully employed in numerous absorption and transport studies. The latter two have been utilized both in vitro and vivo, with similar results in the hamster and human small intestine. Non-radioactive Selenomethionine, since its absorption/transport behavior is assumed to be the same as that of Se75- methionine and S75-methionine could serve as a compound tracer for this amino acid.

The protease phenotype and crystalline nature of the granules of intraepithelial mast cells in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
D.S. Friend ◽  
N. Ghildyal ◽  
M.F. Gurish ◽  
K.F. Austen ◽  
R.L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Crystalline Nature

Trichinella spiralis induces a profound mastocytosis and eosinophilia in the small intestine of the infected mouse. Mouse mast cells (MC) store in their granules various combinations of at least five chymotryptic chymases [designated mouse MC protease (mMCP) 1 to 5], two tryptic proteases designated mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 and an exopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). Using antipeptide, protease -specific antibodies to these MC granule proteases, immunohistochemistry was done to determine the distribution, number and protease phenotype of the MCs in the small intestine and spleen 10 to >60 days after Trichinella infection of BALB/c and C3H mice. TEM was performed to evaluate the granule morphology of the MCs between intestinal epithelial cells and in the lamina propria (mucosal MCs) and in the submucosa, muscle and serosa of the intestine (submucosal MCs).As noted in the table below, the number of submucosal MCs remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, on day 14, the number of MCs in the mucosa increased ~25 fold. Increased numbers of MCs were observed between epithelial cells in the mucosal crypts, in the lamina propria and to a lesser extent, between epithelial cells of the intestinal villi.

Early Life Exposure to Antibiotic Alters Energy Balance during Chronic High-Fat Feeding in Adult Male and Female Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1999-P ◽  
Author(s):  
HYE LIM NOH ◽  
SUJIN SUK ◽  
RANDALL H. FRIEDLINE ◽  
KUNIKAZU INASHIMA ◽  
DUY A. TRAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Early Life ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Fat Feeding

165-LB: The SGLT2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin Prevents Increased Lipid Oxidation in the Heart following High-Fat Feeding

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 165-LB
Author(s):  
ITZEL FLORES ◽  
CHRIS SHANNON ◽  
MARCEL FOURCAUDOT ◽  
TERRY BAKEWELL ◽  
LUKE NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Feeding

Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 Knock Out Mice Have Impaired Glucose Clearance and Beta-Cell Function under High-Fat Feeding

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2040-P
Author(s):  
COURTNEY J. SMITH ◽  
KYLE B. KENER ◽  
JEFFERY S. TESSEM
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Fat Feeding

Cold exposure reverses the diabetogenic effects of high-fat feeding

Diabetes ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Vallerand ◽  
J. Lupien ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Feeding
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