scholarly journals Simultaneous detection of cerebral metabolism of different substrates by in vivo 13C isotopomer MRS

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xiang ◽  
Jun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Simultaneous Detection

2D NMR studies on muscle and cerebral metabolism in vivo

1994 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Gillet ◽  
BT Doan ◽  
C Verre-Sebrie ◽  
O Fedeli ◽  
JC Beloeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Nmr Studies

scholarly journals Screening of lung cancer biomarker-proteins with a multiplex electrochemical sensor system based on aptamers

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Yu. E. Glazyrin ◽  
A. V. Shabalina ◽  
K. A. Ryginskaya ◽  
S. S. Zamay ◽  
V. A. Kolovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Dna Aptamers ◽  
Affinity Enrichment ◽  
In Blood Plasma

The aimof this work is the development and demonstration of the method of simultaneous detection of several biomarkers of lung cancer in the blood plasma of patients using a multiplex electrochemical testing system based on DNA aptamers. DNA aptamers are a new class of synthetic affinity probes obtained by in vitro or in vivo selection procedure by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX).Materials and methods.A set of aptamers obtained previously by selection for postoperative lung cancer tissue was used to create a multiplex electrochemical biochip. Identification of aptamer target proteins was performed using a modified affinity enrichment method (AptaBID). Molecular targets for the used set of aptamers to lung cancer were defined as vimentin, defensin, a light chain of myosin, tubulin alpha 1-B, neutrophil elastase and A1 elongation factor 1.Measurements of the presence of these biomarker proteins in blood plasma were carried out using electrochemical detection. The difference between peak heights before and after plasma deposition on the electrodes modified by aptamers was considered as a response of the system to the presence of protein onco-markers in blood plasma. Blood plasma of healthy volunteers was used as control.Results. Research showed that in the blood plasma of all the patients with lung cancer the content of biomarker proteins that bind to aptamers on electrode surfaces was increased. The increased content of these proteins in the blood plasma of patients suggests the presence of invasiveness and metastasis of tumors and their chemo-resistance.

scholarly journals Cerebral Energy Metabolism Measured in vivo by 31P-NMR in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Cat—Relation to Severity of Stroke

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Komatsumoto ◽  
S. Nioka ◽  
J. H. Greenberg ◽  
K. Yoshizaki ◽  
V. H. Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
Occlusion Model

The energy metabolism of the brain has been measured in a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in the cat utilizing 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 31P-NMR spectra were serially obtained during 2 h of ischemia and a subsequent 4-h recovery period. The ratio of creatine phosphate (PCr) to inorganic phosphate (Pi) (PCr/Pi) showed a precipitous decrease in parallel with changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) amplitude in severe strokes during ischemia as well as during recirculation. Animals with mild strokes, as determined by EEG criteria, exhibited a much smaller decrease in PCr/Pi during ischemia. In the severe strokes, there was a splitting and significant shift of the Pi peak immediately after occlusion. In addition, the shifted Pi peak rapidly increased and remained elevated throughout the study. In the mild strokes, Pi also increased, but not as markedly. Intracellular pH determination by chemical shift of the Pi peak revealed a decrease from 7.1 to 6.2–6.3 during ischemia and the subsequent recovery period in the animals with severe strokes, whereas the pH in the animals with mild strokes did not show a significant change. A gradual decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to 57–79% of the control was exhibited in severely stroked animals during both the ischemia and the recovery period, whereas there was no change in ATP in the mild stroked animals. These results suggest that the dynamic process of pathophysiological changes in an MCA occlusion model in the cat leads to significant differences in cerebral metabolism between animals with mild and severe strokes.

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs as Clinical Cancer Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer: A Short Overview

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Elena Staicu ◽  
Dragoș-Valentin Predescu ◽  
Călin Mircea Rusu ◽  
Beatrice Mihaela Radu ◽  
Dragos Cretoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Molecular Clustering

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers. Early clinical signs are missing and there is an urgent need to establish early diagnosis biomarkers. MicroRNAs are promising biomarkers in this respect. In this paper, we review the most recent advances regarding the alterations of microRNAs in ovarian cancer. We have briefly described the contribution of miRNAs in the mechanisms of ovarian cancer invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy sensitivity. We have also summarized the alterations underwent by microRNAs in solid ovarian tumors, in animal models for ovarian cancer, and in various ovarian cancer cell lines as compared to previous reviews that were only focused the circulating microRNAs as biomarkers. In this context, we consider that the biomarker screening should not be limited to circulating microRNAs per se, but rather to the simultaneous detection of the same microRNA alteration in solid tumors, in order to understand the differences between the detection of nucleic acids in early vs. late stages of cancer. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo models should also validate these microRNAs, which could be very helpful as preclinical testing platforms for pharmacological and/or molecular genetic approaches targeting microRNAs. The enormous quantity of data produced by preclinical and clinical studies regarding the role of microRNAs that act synergistically in tumorigenesis mechanisms that are associated with ovarian cancer subtypes, should be gathered, integrated, and compared by adequate methods, including molecular clustering. In this respect, molecular clustering analysis should contribute to the discovery of best biomarkers-based microRNAs assays that will enable rapid, efficient, and cost-effective detection of ovarian cancer in early stages. In conclusion, identifying the appropriate microRNAs as clinical biomarkers in ovarian cancer might improve the life quality of patients.

A cerebral decarboxylase for 5-hydroxytryptophane in humans

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Mental Patient ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Body Tissues

Little or no cerebral decarboxylation of 5-hydroxytryptophane could be found using the in vivo technique developed in this laboratory for determination of human cerebral metabolism. Following intravenous injection of dl-5-hydroxytryptophanecarboxyl-C14 little or no significant venous-arterial C14O2 differences resulted in four normal control subjects and four chronic mental patients. No significant differences were found between the two groups. Levels of arterial blood C14O2 activities showed that 5-hydroxytryptophane was decarboxylated readily by other body tissues. Of four subjects pretreated with 1-benzyl-2-methyl-5-methoxytryptamine (BAS), slightly lowered results occurred with the mental patient pretreated with a double dose of BAS. Submitted on June 19, 1961

scholarly journals Simultaneous Detection of Blood Volume, Oxygenation, and Intracellular Calcium Changes during Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in vivo Using Diffuse Reflectance and Fluorescence

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congwu Du ◽  
Alan P Koretsky ◽  
Igor Izrailtyan ◽  
Helene Benveniste
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Xenon Lamp ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygenation ◽  
Concentration Changes

We describe an approach to measure changes in intracellular calcium along with changes in blood volume and oxygenation directly from the exposed rat cortex in vivo during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Measurements were made using a catheter-based optical system. The endface of a Y-shaped bifurcated fiber optic bundle was mounted on the cortical surface. It delivered the light at three wavelengths of 548, 555, and 572 nm to the brain through a fast monochromator coupled to a xenon lamp, and collected the calcium-dependent fluorescence emission from Rhod2 at 589 nm (excited at 548 nm) along with the diffuse reflections at the wavelengths of 555 and 572 nm to determine the changes in blood volume and hemoglobin oxygenation. The feasibility of this approach was experimentally examined by inducing transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. The ischemia induced an 8.5%±1.7% fluorescence increase compared with the preischemic control values. Blood volume and tissue hemoglobin oxygenation decreased by 57.4%±12.6% and 47.3%±12.5%, respectively. All signals normalized on reperfusion. The ischemia-induced change in Rhod2-Ca2+ fluorescence was blocked using a calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, confirming that intracellular changes in calcium were responsible for the fluorescence changes. Thus, changes in cerebral hemodynamics and intracellular calcium concentration changes were measured simultaneously, facilitating future studies of the interrelationship between neuronal activation and metabolic and vascular processes in normal and diseased brain.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Detection of Neurotransmitters

Chemosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Si ◽  
Edward Song
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Materials Used

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that act as messengers in the synaptic transmission process. They are essential for human health and any imbalance in their activities can cause serious mental disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, monitoring the concentrations of various neurotransmitters is of great importance in studying and diagnosing such mental illnesses. Recently, many researchers have explored the use of unique materials for developing biosensors for both in vivo and ex vivo neurotransmitter detection. A combination of nanomaterials, polymers, and biomolecules were incorporated to implement such sensor devices. For in vivo detection, electrochemical sensing has been commonly applied, with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry being the most promising technique to date, due to the advantages such as easy miniaturization, simple device architecture, and high sensitivity. However, the main challenges for in vivo electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors are limited target selectivity, large background signal and noise, and device fouling and degradation over time. Therefore, achieving simultaneous detection of multiple neurotransmitters in real time with long-term stability remains the focus of research. The purpose of this review paper is to summarize the recently developed sensing techniques with the focus on neurotransmitters as the target analyte, and to discuss the outlook of simultaneous detection of multiple neurotransmitter species. This paper is organized as follows: firstly, the common materials used for developing neurotransmitter sensors are discussed. Secondly, several sensor surface modification approaches to enhance sensing performance are reviewed. Finally, we discuss recent developments in the simultaneous detection capability of multiple neurotransmitters.

scholarly journals Metabolic Impairment in Human Amnesia: A PET Study of Memory Networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferruccio Fazio ◽  
Daniela Perani ◽  
Maria Carla Gilardi ◽  
Fabio Colombo ◽  
Stefano F. Cappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
New Information ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Human amnesia is a clinical syndrome exhibiting the failure to recall past events and to learn new information. Its “pure” form, characterized by a selective impairment of long-term memory without any disorder of general intelligence or other cognitive functions, has been associated with lesions localized within Papez's circuit and some connected areas. Thus, amnesia could be due to a functional disconnection between components of this or other neural structures involved in long-term learning and retention. To test this hypothesis, we measured regional cerebral metabolism with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) in 11 patients with “pure” amnesia. A significant bilateral reduction in metabolism in a number of interconnected cerebral regions (hippocampal formation, thalamus, cingulate gyrus, and frontal basal cortex) was found in the amnesic patients in comparison with normal controls. The metabolic impairment did not correspond to alterations in structural anatomy as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These results are the first in vivo evidence for the role of a functional network as a basis of human memory.

scholarly journals Cerebral Metabolism of Lactate in Vivo: Evidence for Neuronal Pyruvate Carboxylation

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørnar Hassel ◽  
Anders Bråthe
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylation ◽  
Nitropropionic Acid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mitochondrial Malic Enzyme ◽  
Intrastriatal Injection

The cerebral metabolism of lactate was investigated. Awake mice received [3-13C]lactate or [1-13C]glucose intravenously, and brain and blood extracts were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cerebral up-take and metabolism of [3-13C]lactate was 50% that of [1-13C]glucose. [3-13C]Lactate was almost exclusively metabolized by neurons and hardly at all by glia, as revealed by the 13C labeling of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine. Injection of [3-13C]lactate led to extensive formation of [2-13C]lactate, which was not seen with [1-13C]glucose, nor has it been seen in previous studies with [2-13C]acetate. This formation probably reflected reversible carboxylation of [3-13C]pyruvate to malate and equilibration with fumarate, because inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase with nitropropionic acid did not block it. Of the [3-13C]lactate that reached the brain, 20% underwent this reaction, which probably involved neuronal mitochondrial malic enzyme. The activities of mitochondrial malic enzyme, fumarase, and lactate dehydrogenase were high enough to account for the formation of [2-13C]lactate in neurons. Neuronal pyruvate carboxylation was confirmed by the higher specific activity of glutamate than of glutamine after intrastriatal injection of [1-14C]pyruvate into anesthetized mice. This procedure also demonstrated equilibration of malate, formed through pyruvate carboxylation, with fumarate. The demonstration of neuronal pyruvate carboxylation demands reconsideration of the metabolic interrelationship between neurons and glia.

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