A non-human primate test of abstraction and set shifting: An automated adaptation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Moore ◽  
Ronald J. Killiany ◽  
James G. Herndon ◽  
Douglas L. Rosene ◽  
Mark B. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Human Primate

scholarly journals Automatic Intra-/Extra-Dimensional Attentional Set-Shifting Task in Adolescent Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariasole Ciampoli ◽  
Diego Scheggia ◽  
Francesco Papaleo
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting Task

Adolescence is a developmental period crucial for the maturation of higher-order cognitive functions. Indeed, adolescence deficits in executive functions are strong predictors of increased vulnerability to several mental disabilities later in life. Here, we tested adolescent mice in a fully-automated attentional set-shifting task equivalent to the humans’ Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Intra-/Extra-Dimensional set-shift task (ID/ED). Compared to an adult, adolescent mice required more time to complete the task (≈16 days), and a higher percentage failed to finish the entire task. Nevertheless, adolescent mice completing this demanding task showed an increased effort in solving the extradimensional shift stage (EDS) compared to previous stages. Moreover, we found that this paradigm can be used to detect early cognitive dysfunctions in adolescent genetically modified mice. Thus, this automatic paradigm provides a further tool to assess attentional control in adolescent mice, and the development of dysfunctional executive functions from adolescence to adulthood.

Attentional set shifting modulates the target P3b Response in the Wisconsin card sorting test

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Barceló ◽  
Juan M Muñoz-Céspedes ◽  
Miguel A Pozo ◽  
Francisco J Rubia
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Perseveration in schizophrenic patients: a neuropsychological approach for research

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Lanser ◽  
B.A. Ellenbroek ◽  
A.R. Cools ◽  
F.G. Zitman
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesions ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Animal Part ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Maintenance Problem

SUMMARYPerseveration is a core symptom of schizophrenia, the cause, however, is unknown. It has been shown that for people with frontal lobe lesions, perseveration can be explained with a set-maintenance problem. Perseveration in Parkinson's disease can be explained with problems shifting from one set to another without cues (set-shifting). These disorders can be distinguished using a two-choice task and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, that is analysed in phases. Analogs of these tests can be used in animal research. By adding an animal part to the human research, more insight can be gained into the role of specific brain areas in set-maintenance and set-shifting.

scholarly journals The set-shifting profiles of anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Westwood ◽  
D. Stahl ◽  
W. Mandy ◽  
K. Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Difficulties in set-shifting are commonly reported in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) populations. Despite this, it is not known whether this cognitive profile persists across different ages, or whether the profiles seen in ASD and AN are comparable. This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to compare the set-shifting profiles, as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in adults and younger people with either ASD or AN, relative to healthy controls (HCs) and to statistically compare performance on the WCST between ASD and AN. In all, 24 studies on ASD and 22 studies on AN were identified. In ASD, there were significant differences between the clinical group and HCs, with the ASD group making significantly more perseverative errors, indicating greater difficulty in set-shifting [pooled effect size ofd= 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.81,p⩽ 0.001]. This effect was consistent across the age span. For AN studies, there was a significant difference between adults with AN and HCs (d= 0.52, 95% CI 0.36–0.68,p⩽ 0.001) but a non-significant effect in child studies (d= 0.25, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.55,z= 1.66,p= 0.096). Meta-regression indicated no effect of diagnosis (AN or ASD) on performance in adult studies but there was a non-significant trend (p= 0.053) towards children with ASD performing worse than children with AN. While difficulties with set-shifting appear to be stable in ASD, there may be differences between children and adults with AN, which warrant further investigation.

Dopaminergic Genes Polymorphisms and Prefrontal Cortex Efficiency Among Obese People - Whether Gender is a Differentiating Factor?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
Maciej Bieliński ◽  
Natalia Lesiewska ◽  
Roman Junik ◽  
Anna Kamińska ◽  
Andrzej Tretyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Perseverative Errors ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Background:Obesity is a chronic condition associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a useful tool for evaluating executive functions. In this study, we assessed the association between dopaminergic gene polymorphisms: DAT1 (SLC6A3), COMTVal158Met, DRD4 (48-bp variable number of tandem repeats - VNTR) and WCST parameters to investigate the functions of the frontal lobes in obese individuals.Objective:To find the significant correlations between polymorphisms of DAT1, COMTVal158Met, DRD4 and executive functions in obese subjects.Methods:The analysis of the frequency of individual alleles was performed in 248 obese patients (179 women, 69 men). Evaluation of the prefrontal cortex function (operating memory and executive functions) was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Separate analyzes were performed in age subgroups to determine different activities and regulation of genes in younger and older participants.Results:Scores of WCST parameters were different in the subgroups of women and men and in the age subgroups. Regarding the COMT gene, patients with A/A and G/A polymorphisms showed significantly better WCST results in WCST_P, WCST_CC and WCST_1st. Regarding DAT1 men with L/L and L/S made less non-perseverative errors, which was statistically significant. In DRD4, significantly better WCST_1st results were found only in older women with S allele.Conclusion:Obtained results indicate the involvement of dopaminergic transmission in the regulation of prefrontal cortex function. Data analysis indicates that prefrontal cortex function may ensue, from different elements such as genetic factors, metabolic aspects of obesity, and hormonal activity (estrogen).

Fast Neural Dynamics of Proactive Cognitive Control in a Task-Switching Analogue of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Díaz-Blancat ◽  
Juan García-Prieto ◽  
Fernando Maestú ◽  
Francisco Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test
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