An ex vivo method for evaluating the biocompatibility of neural electrodes in rat brain slice cultures

2004 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Koeneman ◽  
Kee-Keun Lee ◽  
Amarjit Singh ◽  
Jiping He ◽  
Gregory B. Raupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neural Electrodes ◽  
Brain Slice Cultures ◽  
Rat Brain Slice

23. A new adult rat brain slice preparation for ex vivo NMR spectroscopy studies of stroke

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. A11
Author(s):  
M.T. Espanol ◽  
L. Litt ◽  
L.-H. Chang ◽  
T.L. James ◽  
P.R. Weinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Rat Brain Slice ◽  
Brain Slice Preparation

scholarly journals Mutated Measles Virus Matrix and Fusion Protein Influence Viral Titer In Vitro and Neuro-Invasion in Lewis Rat Brain Slice Cultures

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Johannes Busch ◽  
Soroth Chey ◽  
Michael Sieg ◽  
Thomas W. Vahlenkamp ◽  
Uwe G. Liebert
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Brain Slice Cultures ◽  
Rat Brain Slice

Measles virus (MV) can cause severe acute diseases as well as long-lasting clinical deteriorations due to viral-induced immunosuppression and neuronal manifestation. How the virus enters the brain and manages to persist in neuronal tissue is not fully understood. Various mutations in the viral genes were found in MV strains isolated from patient brains. In this study, reverse genetics was used to introduce mutations in the fusion, matrix and polymerase genes of MV. The generated virus clones were characterized in cell culture and used to infect rat brain slice cultures. A mutation in the carboxy-terminal domain of the matrix protein (R293Q) promoted the production of progeny virions. This effect was observed in Vero cells irrespective of the expression of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). Furthermore, a mutation in the fusion protein (I225M) induced syncytia formation on Vero cells in the absence of SLAM and promoted viral spread throughout the rat brain slices. In this study, a solid ex vivo model was established to elucidate the MV mutations contributing to neural manifestation.

Acute hypoxia induces elevation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in neonatal rat brain slices

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Longo ◽  
S Packianathan
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Rat Brain Slice

Recent studies in vivo have demonstrated that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the fetal rat brain is elevated 4-5-fold by acute maternal hypoxia. This hypoxic-associated increase is seen in the rat brain in both the newborn and the adult. Because of the intimate involvement of ODC in transcription and translation, as well as in growth and development, it is imperative that the manner in which hypoxia affects the regulation of this enzyme be better understood. In order to achieve this, a brain preparation in vitro was required to eliminate the confounding effects of the dam on the fetal and newborn brain ODC activity in vivo. Therefore, brain slices from 3-4-day-old (P-3) newborn rats were utilized to test the hypothesis that ODC activity increases in response to hypoxia in vitro. Cerebral slices from the P-3 rat pups were allowed to equilibrate and recover in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) continuously bubbled with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2 for 1 h before beginning hypoxic exposures. Higher basal ODC activities were obtained by treating the slices with 0.03% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.003% bovine serum albumin (BSA), rather than with ACSF alone. Hypoxia was induced in the slices by replacing the gas with 40%, 21%, 10%, or 5% O2, all with 5% CO2 and balance N2. With FBS and BSA treatment, ODC activity was maintained at about 0.15-0.11 nM CO2 mg-1 protein h-1 throughout the experiment, which was 2-3-fold higher than that without FBS and BSA. ODC activity increased significantly and peaked between 1 h and 2 h after initiation of hypoxia. For instance, with 21% O2, ODC activity increased approximately 1.5-fold at 1 h and approximately 2-fold at 2 h. These studies demonstrate that: (1) the hypoxic-induced increases observed in vivo in the fetal and newborn rat brain ODC activity can be approximated in a newborn rat brain slice preparation in vitro; (2) newborn rat brain slice preparations may provide an alternative to methods in vivo or cell culture methods for studying the regulation of acute hypoxic-induced enzymes; and (3) high, stable baseline ODC activities in brain slices suggest that the cells in the slice are capable of active metabolism if FBS and BSA are available to mimic conditions in vivo.

Suppression of the optical response by lack of glucose in rat brain slice preparations

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S118
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hasuo ◽  
Shingo Shoji ◽  
Takashi Akasu
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Optical Response ◽  
Rat Brain Slice

scholarly journals Lateral and Medial Olivocochlear Neurons Have Distinct Electrophysiological Properties in the Rat Brain Slice

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 2788-2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohiro Fujino ◽  
Konomi Koyano ◽  
Harunori Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Outward Currents ◽  
Recovery From Inactivation ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Rat Brain Slice

Fujino, Kiyohiro, Konomi Koyano, and Harunori Ohmori. Lateral and medial olivocochlear neurons have distinct electrophysiological properties in the rat brain slice. J. Neurophysiol. 77:2788–2804, 1997. Electrical properties of cochlear efferent (olivocochlear) neurons were investigated with the use of the whole cell patch recording technique in slice preparations of the neonatal rat (postnatal days 5–11). Lateral and medial olivocochlear (LOC and MOC, respectively) neurons were retrogradely labeled with a fluorescent tracer injected into the cochlea. Stained neurons were identified under a fluorescence microscope, and they were subjected to whole cell recording. LOC and MOC neurons showed different electrophysiological properties. Both showed spike trains of tonic pattern in response to injection of depolarizing current pulses at the resting membrane potential (−60 to −70 mV). However, when the membrane was slightly hyperpolarized (−72 to −76 mV), LOC neurons showed spike trains with a long first interspike interval (ISI), whereas MOC neurons showed spike trains with a long latency to the first spike. Extracellular application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 0.5–2 mM) shortened these ISIs and latencies. In voltage-clamp experiments, two transient outward currents with different (fast and slow) decay kinetics were observed in LOC neurons. The fast outward current ( I A-LOC) was inactivated by the preceding depolarization, and decayed with a time constant (τ) of 86 ms (at 0 mV). The preceding potential, which reduced the current size to the half-maximum ( V 1/2), was −72 mV. The slow current ( I KD) decayed with a τ of 853 ms (at 0 mV). I A-LOC was sensitive to 4-AP (2 mM), and was less sensitive to tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA; 20 mM). I KD was partially blocked by TEA (20 mM), but was insensitive to 4-AP (2 mM). The recovery from inactivation of I A-LOC was time dependent with a time constant (τrec) of 32 ms at −90 mV. MOC neurons also showed a transient outward current that consisted of a single transient component ( I A-MOC) with a steady outward current. I A-MOC was inactivated by the preceding depolarization. Decay τ of I A-MOC was 33 ms (at 0 mV), and V 1/2 was −75 mV. I A-MOC was sensitive to 4-AP (0.5–1 mM). The time-dependent recovery from inactivation of I A-MOC was faster than that of I A-LOC, and τrec was 15 ms at −90 mV. The different kinetics of transient outward currents between LOC and MOC neurons seems to be responsible for the difference in firing properties of these two neurons.

scholarly journals Image-based stroke rat brain atrophy volume and infarct volume computation

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 10090-10121
Author(s):  
Yung-Kuan Chan ◽  
Chun-Fu Hong ◽  
Meng-Hsiun Tsai ◽  
Ya-Lan Chang ◽  
Ping-Hsuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Rat Brain Slice ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Stroke is one of the leading causes of death as well as results in a massive economic burden for society. Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease mainly divided into two types: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, which, respectively, refer to the partial blockage and bleeding inside brain blood vessels. Both stroke types lead to nutrient and oxygen deprivation in the brain, which ultimately cause brain damage or death. This study focuses on ischemic stroke in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) as experimental subjects, and the volumes of infarct and atrophy are calculated based on the brain slice images of rat brains stained with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. In this study, a stroke rat brain infarct and atrophy volumes computation system (SRBIAVC system) is developed to segment the infarcts and atrophies from the rat brain slice images. Based on the segmentation results, the infarct and atrophy volumes of a rat brain can be computed. In this study, 168 images of brain slices cut from 28 rat brains with MCAO are used as the test samples. The experimental results show that the segmentation results obtained by the SRBIAVC system are close to those obtained by experts.

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