Re-establishment of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull in an eight-year grazing experiment on upland acid grassland

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nigel R. Critchley ◽  
Ruth J. Mitchell ◽  
Rob J. Rose ◽  
J. Bernard Griffiths ◽  
Emily Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Acid Grassland

scholarly journals The Ecology of British Upland Landscapes. I. Composition of Landscapes, Habitats, Vegetation and Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-139
Author(s):  
Robert G.H. Bunce ◽  
Claire M. Wood ◽  
Simon M. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Linear Feature ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Acid Grassland ◽  
Policy Objectives

Abstract A primary requirement for policy objectives is reliable figures on the composition of any region. Currently there is no comprehensive, definitive set of statistics for the British Uplands, hence the present paper. An overview of the background to the region is first provided, together with some examples of the available figures and a discussion of their limitations. The paper uses a formal structure, with landscapes at the highest level followed by habitats, then vegetation, and finally species, with exact definitions of the categories applied at all levels. The figures are produced from a survey of stratified, random one kilometre squares. The tables give comprehensive figures for Great Britain (GB) as a whole, and also England, Wales and Scotland. The Uplands are shown to cover 38 % of the country. In terms of UK Broad Habitats, Bog is the most common overall (2062 k ha). It is estimated that 41 % of upland vegetation in Britain is grazed by sheep, and Cervus elephus (red deer) are particularly evident in Scotland. Walls (mainly drystone) are the most important linear feature (84 k km) but hedgerows (30 k km) are also widespread. The major vegetation classes are those linked to moorlands and bogs (about 25 %) but those associated with fertile soils are also common (10 %). In terms of species, Potentilla erecta (tormentil) is the most frequent species with four other acid grassland species in the top ten. Calluna vulgaris (ling heather) has the highest cover in Great Britain (14.8 %).

Search for Compounds Suppressing Intestinal α-Glucosidase Expression in Caco-2 Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Kota Noda ◽  
Eisuke Kato ◽  
Jun Kawabata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Control Post

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose level.Reducing carbohydrate absorption from the intestinal tract is an effective strategy to control post-meal blood glucose level. Inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase, involved in digestion of carbohydrates, is known as an approach to accomplish this. On the other hand, reduction of α-glucosidase amount is expected to work in the similar manner. However, none of the previousstudy pursues this approach. A convenient assay was developed to evaluate α-glucosidase amount employing Caco-2 cells, the intestinal epithelial cell model reported to express α-glucosidase. Sixty plants were screened and two candidate plants, Calluna vulgaris and Perilla frutescens var. crispa were found to reduce α-glucosidase expression. C. vulgaris extract was subjected to activity guided isolation. Proanthocyanidin was identified as the active principle which was analyzed by thiol decomposition to reveal the components as a mixture ofcatechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and A type procyanidin dimer. The proanthocyanidin suppressed about 30% of α-glucosidase amount evaluated through convenient assay, and suppressed bulk of mRNA expression level of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) at 0.125 mg/mL. Several flavan-3-ol monomers were also tested, and epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate were found to suppress α-glucosidase amount significantly.

0620 Performance and rumimal metabolism are not changed in lactating dairy cows offered spring available annual forage crops during a short-term grazing experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
K. A. Juntwait ◽  
A. F. Brito ◽  
K. S. O'Connor ◽  
R. G. Smith ◽  
K. M. Aragona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Effects of nitrogen addition on the stress sensitivity of Calluna vulgaris

1998 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. POWER ◽  
M. R. ASHMORE ◽  
D. A. COUSINS ◽  
L. J. SHEPPARD
Keyword(s):  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Stress Sensitivity

scholarly journals Metals in Calluna vulgaris, Empetrum nigrum, Festuca vivipara and Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus in the geothermal areas of Iceland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rajsz ◽  
Bronisław Wojtuń ◽  
Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman ◽  
Paweł Wąsowicz ◽  
Lucyna Mróz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Empetrum Nigrum ◽  
Geothermal Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Festuca Vivipara

AbstractThis investigation was conducted to identify the content of metals in Calluna vulgaris (family Ericaceae), Empetrum nigrum (family Ericaceae), Festuca vivipara (family Poaceae) and Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus (family Lamiaceae), as well as in the soils where they were growing in eight geothermal heathlands in Iceland. Investigation into the vegetation of geothermal areas is crucial and may contribute to their proper protection in the future and bring more understanding under what conditions the plants respond to an ecologically more extreme situation. Plants from geothermally active sites were enriched with metals as compared to the same species from non-geothermal control sites (at an average from about 150 m from geothermal activity). The enriched metals consisted of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe and Ni in C. vulgaris; Cd, Mn and Ti in E. nigrum; Hg and Pb in F. vivipara; and Cd, Fe and Hg in T. praecox. Notably, C. vulgaris, E. nigrum, F. vivipara and T. praecox had remarkably high concentrations of Ti at levels typical of toxicity thresholds. Cd and Pb (except for C. vulgaris and F. vivipara) were not accumulated in the shoots of geothermal plants. C. vulgaris from geothermal and control sites was characterised by the highest bioaccumulation factor (BF) of Ti and Mn; E. nigrum and F. vivipara by the highest BF of Ti and Cr; and T. praecox by the highest BF of Ti and Zn compared to the other elements. In comparison with the other examined species, F. vivipara from geothermal sites had the highest concentration of Ti in above-ground parts at any concentration of plant-available Ti in soil.

scholarly journals Root-Associated Mycobiomes of Common Temperate Plants (Calluna vulgaris and Holcus lanatus) Are Strongly Affected by Winter Climate Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Borg Dahl ◽  
Derek Peršoh ◽  
Anke Jentsch ◽  
Jürgen Kreyling
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Soil Frost ◽  
Winter Climate

AbstractWinter temperatures are projected to increase in Central Europe. Subsequently, snow cover will decrease, leading to increased soil temperature variability, with potentially different consequences for soil frost depending on e.g. altitude. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of increased winter soil temperature variability on the root associated mycobiome of two plant species (Calluna vulgaris and Holcus lanatus) at two sites in Germany; a colder and wetter upland site with high snow accumulation and a warmer and drier lowland site, with low snow accumulation. Mesocosm monocultures were set-up in spring 2010 at both sites (with soil and plants originating from the lowland site). In the following winter, an experimental warming pulse treatment was initiated by overhead infrared heaters and warming wires at the soil surface for half of the mesocosms at both sites. At the lowland site, the warming treatment resulted in a reduced number of days with soil frost as well as increased the average daily temperature amplitude. Contrary, the treatment caused no changes in these parameters at the upland site, which was in general a much more frost affected site. Soil and plant roots were sampled before and after the following growing season (spring and autumn 2011). High-throughput sequencing was used for profiling of the root-associated fungal (ITS marker) community (mycobiome). Site was found to have a profound effect on the composition of the mycobiome, which at the upland site was dominated by fast growing saprotrophs (Mortierellomycota), and at the lowland site by plant species-specific symbionts (e.g. Rhizoscyphus ericae and Microdochium bolleyi for C. vulgaris and H. lanatus respectively). The transplantation to the colder upland site and the temperature treatment at the warmer lowland site had comparable consequences for the mycobiome, implying that winter climate change resulting in higher temperature variability has large consequences for mycobiome structures regardless of absolute temperature of a given site.

scholarly journals Thermogravimetry of the Steam Gasification of Calluna vulgaris: Kinetic Study

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
José María Encinar ◽  
Juan Félix González ◽  
Sergio Nogales-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Conversion Model ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Shrinking Core

On account of the continuous decrease in oil reserves, as well as the promotion of sustainable policies, there is an increasing interest in biomass conversion processes, which imply the search for new raw materials as energy sources, like forestry and agricultural wastes. On the other hand, gasification seems to be a suitable thermal conversion process for this purpose. This work studied the thermogravimetry of the steam gasification of charcoal from heather (Calluna vulgaris) in order to determine the kinetics of the process under controlled reaction conditions. The variables studied were temperature (from 750 to 900 °C), steam partial pressure (from 0.26 to 0.82 atm), initial charcoal mass (from 50 to 106 mg), particle size (from 0.4 to 2.0 mm), N2 and steam volumetric flows (from 142 to 446 mL·min−1) and catalyst (K2CO3) concentration (from 0 to 10% w/w). The use of the shrinking core model and uniform conversion model allowed us to determine the kinetic parameters of the process. As a result, a positive influence of catalyst concentration was found up to 7.5% w/w. The kinetic study of the catalytic steam gasification showed activation energies of 99.5 and 114.8 kJ·mol−1 and order of reactions (for steam) of 1/2 and 2/3.

Seed-shedding in heather (Calluna vulgaris(L.) Hull

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Barclay-Estrup ◽  
C.H. Gimingham
Keyword(s):  
Calluna Vulgaris
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