scholarly journals Ferrite content meter analysis for delta ferrite evaluation in superduplex stainless steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar G. Camerini ◽  
Vitor Manoel A. Silva ◽  
Iane A. Soares ◽  
Rafael Wagner F. Santos ◽  
Julio Endress Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Content ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Superduplex Stainless Steel

scholarly journals Improving the Corrosion Resistance of AISI 316L Steel for Semiconductor Piping by Controlled Delta-Ferrite Content

2022 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Young Woo Seo ◽  
Chan Yang Kim ◽  
Bo Kyung Seo ◽  
Won Sub Chung
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Ferrite Content ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Aisi 316L Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
The Difference

This study evaluated changes in delta-ferrite content depending on the preheating of AISI 316L stainless steel. We also determined the reasons for the variation in delta-ferrite content, which affects corrosion resistance. Changes in delta-ferrite content after preheating was confirmed using a Feritscope, and the microstructure was analyzed using optical microscopy (OM). We found that the delta-ferrite microstructure size decreased when preheating time was increased at 1295 oC, and that the delta-ferrite content could be controlled through preheating. Potentiodynamic polarization test were carried out in NaCl (0.5 M) + H2SO4 (0.5 M) solution, and it was found that higher delta-ferrite content resulted in less corrosion potential and passive potential. To determine the cause, an analysis was conducted using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), which confirmed that higher delta-ferrite content led to weaker corrosion resistance, due to Cr degradation at the delta-ferrite and austenite boundaries. The degradation of Cr on the boundaries between austenite and delta-ferrite can be explained by the difference in the diffusion coefficient of Cr in the ferrite and austenite. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of material used for actual semiconductor piping confirmed that corrosion begins at the delta-ferrite and austenite boundaries. These results confirm the need to control delta-ferrite content in AISI 316L stainless steel used for semiconductor piping.

scholarly journals Hot-Deformation Behavior and Hot-Processing Maps of AISI 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 929-940
Author(s):  
Rong-Sheng Qi ◽  
Miao Jin ◽  
Bao-Feng Guo ◽  
Xin-Gang Liu ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Content ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Deformation Behaviors ◽  
Measured Flow

AbstractThe compressive deformation behaviors of 410 martensitic stainless steel were investigated on a Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator, and the experimental stress–strain data were obtained. The measured flow stress was corrected for friction and temperature. A constitutive equation that accounts for the influence of strain was established, and the hot-processing maps at different strain were plotted. The microstructure evolution of the hot-deformation process was studied on the basis of microstructural observations at high temperatures. Phase-transformation experiments on 410 steel were conducted at high temperatures to elucidate the effects of temperature on the delta-ferrite content. The initial forging temperature and optimum process parameters were obtained on the basis of the processing map and the changes in the delta-ferrite content at high temperatures.

Stainless Steel Processing to Meet Advanced Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 135-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Balachandran ◽  
V. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Size Control ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Alloy Design ◽  
Ferrite Content ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Grain Size Control ◽  
Advanced Applications

Stainless steel bar and wire products that cater to the high technology application in defence, nuclear, aerospace, oil field and chemical engineering is an area poised for rapid growth in India. The advancing capabilities of alloy steel plants in India have enabled mastering of techniques to make a wide variety of stainless steels. However, there are increasing challenges to meet the advanced property requirements, which call for a basic understanding on the structure property relationship that are influenced by appropriate alloy design and down-stream processing. The special steel industry cater to a wide variety of stainless steels namely ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and precipitation hardenable categories for meeting requirements of high technology. One of the process for making the primary stainless steels is Vacuum Oxygen Decarburisation process. For advanced applications, the primary melted steel is again secondary refined using electroslagremelting for the management of solidification structures and control of inclusions. In the austenitic grades, the hot forged and hot rolled heat treated steels, careful choice of chemistry controls the delta ferrite content and ensures uniformity of the grain size in the product during deformation processing and heat treatment. In the martensitic stainless steel grades, focus is given to delta ferrite, grain size control and appropriate tempering treatment. In the precipitation hardenable steels grades the aging reactions and hot deformation range have to be optimised for deriving specified mechanical properties. Special grades are produced using non ESR and ESR routes to meet high temperature applications such as turbine blades and bolting. In these grades control of delta ferrite content, carbides, carbo-nitrides in the matrix has a deep influence on the mechanical and sub zero fracture properties. In the ferritic stainless steel grade grain size control is critical. The presentation would bring forth the correlation between the alloy design, processing and properties that were achieved in the products mentioned above to meet some of the challenging requirements.

scholarly journals Predicting Delta Ferrite Content in Stainless Steel Castings

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Aquino Martorano ◽  
Caio Fazzioli Tavares ◽  
Angelo Fernando Padilha
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Content ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Steel Castings

Development of Optimized Welding Consumable for Joining Type 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Lawson ◽  
Boian T. Alexandrov ◽  
Joseph C. Bundy ◽  
David Benson ◽  
Jorge A. Penso
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Content ◽  
Filler Wire ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Welding Consumable ◽  
Fresh Martensite ◽  
Steel Welds ◽  
Welding Consumables

Abstract Type 410 martensitic stainless steel is used in some downstream hydro-processing installations, due to its good resistance to sulfide corrosion and chloride stress corrosion cracking. Industry experience with Type 410 steel welds, using generic welding consumables, has shown difficulties in meeting the weld metal and HAZ hardness and toughness requirements. Recent research has pointed out the wide composition specifications of Type 410 base metal and welding consumables as the leading cause for significant hardness and toughness variations, related to exceeding the A1 temperature during PWHT and formation of fresh martensite, and to retention of significant amounts of delta ferrite. Predictive equations for the A1 temperature and the content of retained delta ferrite were used to identify optimal composition for Type 410 welding consumables with delta ferrite content below 20% and A1 temperature close to the upper end of the ASME specified PWHT range. Experimental metal core filler wire was manufactured and tested to validate the A1 temperature and delta ferrite content. A test weld in Type 410 steel was produced with the new filler wire and subjected to PWHT, metallurgical characterization, and mechanical testing. The weld metal and HAZ properties met the corresponding NACE and ASME hardness and toughness requirements.

Effects of nitrogen and hydrogen in argon shielding gas on bead profile, delta-ferrite and nitrogen contents of the pulsed GTAW welds of AISI 316L stainless steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panyasak Phakpeetinan ◽  
Amnuysak Chianpairot ◽  
Ekkarut Viyanit ◽  
Fritz Hartung ◽  
Gobboon Lothongkum
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Aisi 316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Pulsed Gtaw ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Bead Profile

LESCALLOY 15-5 VAC-ARC

Alloy Digest ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Clean Steel ◽  
Vacuum Arc Remelting

Abstract LESCALLOY 15-5 VAC-ARC is a precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel with minimal delta ferrite. Vacuum arc remelting in the production of the alloy provides a low gas content, clean steel with optimum transverse properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-522. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document