scholarly journals Multiple influences of semantic memory on sentence processing: Distinct effects of semantic relatedness on violations of real-world event/state knowledge and animacy selection restrictions

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Paczynski ◽  
Gina R. Kuperberg
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Selection Restrictions

Marijuana Effects on Semantic Memory: Verification of Common and Uncommon Category Members

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Block ◽  
J. R. Wittenborn
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Advance Information ◽  
Normal Difference

Effects of smoked marijuana containing 10 mg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and placebo on retrieval of simple, real-world knowledge in semantic memory were studied. In Exp. 1, subjects (36 men, mean age 23.8 yr.) decided whether an item (e.g. apple) belonged to a specified category (e.g., fruit). In Exp. 2, subjects (40 men, mean age 22.8 yr.) decided whether two items (e.g., apple, peach) belonged to the same category. Marijuana did not alter the normal difference in reaction time between common and uncommon examples of categories, suggesting that effects of marijuana on associations do not derive directly from underlying, general alterations of semantic memory retrieval. Marijuana's effects were not influenced by the demands on memory retrieval or by providing advance information relevant to the required decisions, suggesting memory retrieval was not impaired by this dose of marijuana.

scholarly journals Brain connectivity-based prediction of real-life creativity is mediated by semantic memory structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Ovando-Tellez ◽  
Yoed Nissan Kenett ◽  
Mathias Benedek ◽  
Matthieu Bernard ◽  
Joan Belo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Creative Cognition ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

Creative cognition relies on the ability to form remote associations between concepts, which allows to generate novel ideas or solve new problems. Such an ability is related to the organisation of semantic memory; yet whether real-life creative behaviour relies on semantic memory organisation and its neural substrates remains unclear. Therefore, this study explored associations between brain functional connectivity patterns, network properties of individual semantic memory, and real-life creativity. We acquired multi-echo functional MRI data while participants underwent a semantic relatedness judgment task. These ratings were used to estimate their individual semantic memory networks, whose properties significantly predicted their real-life creativity. Using a connectome-based predictive modelling approach, we identified patterns of task-based functional connectivity that predicted creativity-related semantic memory network properties. Furthermore, these properties mediated the relationship between functional connectivity and real-life creativity. These results provide new insights into how brain connectivity supports the associative mechanisms of creativity.

scholarly journals Concurrent use of animacy and event-knowledge during comprehension: Evidence from event-related potentials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Vega-Mendoza ◽  
Martin John Pickering ◽  
Mante S. Nieuwland
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Event Knowledge ◽  
Related Potentials

In two ERP experiments, we investigated whether readers prioritize animacy over real-world event-knowledge during sentence comprehension. We used the paradigm of Paczynski and Kuperberg (2012), who argued that animacy is prioritized based on the observations that the ‘related anomaly effect’ (reduced N400s for context-related anomalous words compared to unrelated words) does not occur for animacy violations, and that animacy violations but not relatedness violations elicit P600 effects. Participants read passive sentences with plausible agents (e.g., The prescription for the mental disorder was written by the psychiatrist) or implausible agents that varied in animacy and semantic relatedness (schizophrenic/guard/pill/fence). In Experiment 1 (with a plausibility judgment task), plausible sentences elicited smaller N400s relative to all types of implausible sentences. Moreover, animate words elicited smaller N400s than inanimate words, and related words elicited smaller N400s than unrelated words. Crucially, at the P600 time-window, we observed more positive ERPs for animate than inanimate words and for related than unrelated words at anterior regions. In Experiment 2 (with no judgment task), we observed an N400 effect with animacy violations, but no other effects. Taken together, the results of our experiments fail to support a prioritized role of animacy information over real-world event-knowledge, but they support an interactive, constraint-based view on incremental semantic processing.

Semantic memory before episodic memory: How memory research can inform knowledge and belief representations

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shayna Rosenbaum ◽  
Julia G. Halilova ◽  
Thanujeni Pathman
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Belief Attribution ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Memory Theory ◽  
The Real

Abstract Knowledge and belief attribution are discussed in the context of episodic and semantic memory theory and research, with reference to patient-lesion and developmental studies under naturalistic conditions. Consideration of how episodic and semantic memory relate to each other and intersect in the real world, including how they fail, can illuminate the approach to studying how people represent others' minds.

scholarly journals Differential Medial Temporal Lobe and Parietal Cortical Contributions to Real-world Autobiographical Episodic and Autobiographical Semantic Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thackery I. Brown ◽  
Jesse Rissman ◽  
Tiffany E. Chow ◽  
Melina R. Uncapher ◽  
Anthony D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Real World ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe

scholarly journals Effects of semantic relatedness on recall of stimuli preceding emotional oddballs

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYAN M. SMITH ◽  
DAVID Q. BEVERSDORF
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Interconnected Systems ◽  
Memory Encoding

Semantic and episodic memory networks function as highly interconnected systems, both relying on the hippocampal/medial temporal lobe complex (HC/MTL). Episodic memory encoding triggers the retrieval of semantic information, serving to incorporate contextual relationships between the newly acquired memory and existing semantic representations. While emotional material augments episodic memory encoding at the time of stimulus presentation, interactions between emotion and semantic memory that contribute to subsequent episodic recall are not well understood. Using a modified oddball task, we examined the modulatory effects of negative emotion on semantic interactions with episodic memory by measuring the free-recall of serially presented neutral or negative words varying in semantic relatedness. We found increased free-recall for words related to and preceding emotionally negative oddballs, suggesting that negative emotion can indirectly facilitate episodic free-recall by enhancing semantic contributions during encoding. Our findings demonstrate the ability of emotion and semantic memory to interact to mutually enhance free-recall. (JINS, 2008, 14, 620–628.)

L2 PROCESSING OF LINGUISTIC AND NONLINGUISTIC INFORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Hyunah Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
First Language ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
L1 And L2

Abstract This study investigates how linguistic and nonlinguistic information interacts in second language (L2) sentence processing. Previous studies argued that L2 behaviors might stem from how L2 speakers rely more on one type of information over another. However, direct attempts have not been made to test the (dis)agreement of different information types. To fill this gap, the present study explored the integration of definiteness and real-world knowledge. Experiment 1 showed that both first language (L1) speakers (n = 34) and advanced L2 speakers (n = 49) could use definiteness to predict unmentioned referents, but intermediate L2 speakers could not (n = 35). After confirming that L1 and L2 speakers shared the same real-world knowledge, Experiment 2 (n (L1) = 36, n (L2) = 43) showed that the two groups’ behaviors differed when linguistic and nonlinguistic information had to be processed simultaneously. The findings suggest that L2 speakers can process linguistic information in a targetlike manner only in the absence of usable nonlinguistic information.

scholarly journals Processing linguistic negation with and without truth-value evaluation: Evidence from N400 and theta oscillations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Sommer ◽  
Silvia Hansen-Schirra ◽  
Arne Nagels ◽  
Yifei He
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
Online Sentence Processing ◽  
Target Words

How linguistic negation is processed online has been a long-standing issue in psycho- and neurolinguistics. In this study, we investigated negation processing in two distinct types of sentences with truth value evaluation (e.g., ‘A robin is a/not a bird’), and without (e.g., ‘The woman reads a/no book’), focusing on electroencephalogram (EEG) indices in terms of the N400 component and oscillatory power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC). Across both sentence constructions, we observed enhanced N400 and increased ITPC in the theta band for semantically unrelated target words, irrespective of negation. However for the theta power, we observed distinct modulation effects of negation on semantic-relatedness for two types of sentence constructions. In addition, we showed that direct comparison between affirmative and negative target words led to effects in the N400 and theta power in a nuanced manner. Our findings provide novel evidence on a more interactive role of negation during online sentence processing.

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