scholarly journals Rapid emergence of antibacterial resistance by bacterial isolates from patients of gynecological infections in Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Sarwar ◽  
Mobasher A. Butt ◽  
Saira Hafeez ◽  
Muhammad Z. Danish
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gynecological Infections ◽  
Rapid Emergence

scholarly journals Phosphonopeptides Revisited, in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C.L. Marrs ◽  
Linda Varadi ◽  
Alexandre F. Bedernjak ◽  
Kathryn M. Day ◽  
Mark Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peptide Mimetics ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds

Given the increase in resistance to antibacterial agents, there is an urgent need for the development of new agents with novel modes of action. As an interim solution, it is also prudent to reinvestigate old or abandoned antibacterial compounds to assess their efficacy in the context of widespread resistance to conventional agents. In the 1970s, much work was performed on the development of peptide mimetics, exemplified by the phosphonopeptide, alafosfalin. We investigated the activity of alafosfalin, di-alanyl fosfalin and β-chloro-L-alanyl-β-chloro-L-alanine against 297 bacterial isolates, including carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) (n = 128), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n = 37) and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) (n = 43). The interaction of alafosfalin with meropenem was also examined against 20 isolates of CPE. The MIC50 and MIC90 of alafosfalin for CPE were 1 mg/L and 4 mg/L, respectively and alafosfalin acted synergistically when combined with meropenem against 16 of 20 isolates of CPE. Di-alanyl fosfalin showed potent activity against glycopeptide-resistant isolates of Enterococcus faecalis (MIC90; 0.5 mg/L) and Enterococcus faecium (MIC90; 2 mg/L). Alafosfalin was only moderately active against MRSA (MIC90; 8 mg/L), whereas β-chloro-L-alanyl-β-chloro-L-alanine was slightly more active (MIC90; 4 mg/L). This study shows that phosphonopeptides, including alafosfalin, may have a therapeutic role to play in an era of increasing antibacterial resistance.

scholarly journals Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa (HATUA)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e041418
Author(s):  
Benon B Asiimwe ◽  
John Kiiru ◽  
Stephen E Mshana ◽  
Stella Neema ◽  
Katherine Keenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tract Infections

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary approach. The biological drivers of AMR are well understood, but factors related to treatment seeking and the social contexts of antibiotic (AB) use behaviours are less understood. Here we describe the Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa, a multicentre consortium that investigates the diverse drivers of drug resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in East Africa.Methods and analysisThis study will take place in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. We will conduct geospatial mapping of AB sellers, and conduct mystery client studies and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with drug sellers to investigate AB provision practices. In parallel, we will conduct IDIs with doctors, alongside community focus groups. Clinically diagnosed patients with UTI will be recruited from healthcare centres, provide urine samples and complete a questionnaire capturing retrospective treatment pathways, sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and knowledge. Bacterial isolates from urine and stool samples will be subject to culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA from bacterial isolates will be extracted with a subset being sequenced. A follow-up household interview will be conducted with 1800 UTI-positive patients, where further environmental samples will be collected. A subsample of patients will be interviewed using qualitative tools. Questionnaire data, microbiological analysis and qualitative data will be linked at the individual level. Quantitative data will be analysed using statistical modelling, including Bayesian network analysis, and all forms of qualitative data analysed through iterative thematic content analysis.Ethics and disseminationApprovals have been obtained from all national and local ethical review bodies in East Africa and the UK. Results will be disseminated in communities, with local and global policy stakeholders, and in academic circles. They will have great potential to inform policy, improve clinical practice and build regional pathogen surveillance capacity.

scholarly journals Infertile Semen Bacterial Isolates and their Local Multiple Antibacterial Resistance Pattern in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Azubike Enwuru ◽  
Bamidele Iwalokun ◽  
Nkechi V Enwuru ◽  
Oliver Ezechi
Keyword(s):  
Effective Control ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Aetiology ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction: Infertility affects about 15% of couples globally and male contributory factor accounts for 20-30% of such cases. Antibacterial treatment is recommended for infertility of bacterial aetiology. However, Multidrug Resistance (MDR) of the organisms could impair the effectiveness of such infertility treatment. Aim: The present study researched on the MDR pattern of bacteria from semen of infertile men in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a controlled cross-sectional study, where in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity tests were conducted on consecutive bacterial isolates from prospective infertile and fertile semen control groups, using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute’s (CLSI) interpretative criteria. Antibacterial resistance was expressed in % and semen quality of “before and after” treatment was compered using t-test, p-value <0.05, at 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 174 (117 Gram positive and 55 Gram negative and 2 yeast-like cells) mainly Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli were studied, between 2009 and 2014. The Gram-positive cocci showed low resistance to Cefoxitin (9.2%) and Fluoroquinolone (45.9%); while Penicillin showed the highest resistance (98.37%). Within organisms’ total resistance rates of 98.3% Amoxicillin (AMX), 89.7% Cloxacillin (CXC), 87.2% Nalidixic acid (NAL) and 83.7% Sulfonamide (Cotrimoxazole) (COT) were recorded. The most prevalent Gram negative isolate (E.coli), showed 100% resistance to AMX, 95.8% Erythromycin, 95.8% Streptomycin, 91.7% amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 83.3% tetracycline and 83.3% NAL. The most prevalent Gram positive isolate (S. aureus) had resistance rates 97% for AMX, 92.6% NAL, and 91.2% CXC among others. All MDR strains had MICs ranging 4-256 mg/L to the panel of antibiotics tested. Conclusion: There is concurrence in the pattern of MDR in this study to those seen across the world; however, increasing rates were apparent, probably due to lack of effective control policies. There is need for drug surveillance and control in Nigeria.

Identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa by OprD Gene for Differentiation from Other Pseudomonas Species that Isolated from Clinical Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Ashwak B Al-Hashimy ◽  
Huda S Alagely ◽  
Akeel K Albuaji ◽  
Khalid R Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Specific Sequences

The present study included the collection of 100 samples from various clinical sources for investigating the presence of P. aeruginosa in those sources, the samples have been collected from some hospitals in Baghdad and Hillah city (Al-qassim General Hospital, ,Al-hillah teaching hospital,and Al-hashimya General hospital ) which included wounds, burns, ear and sputum infections. The study was carried out through October 2017 till the end of March 2018. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing or number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to P.aeruginosa bacteria during previous tests based on the OprD gene which has specific sequences for P.aeruginosa bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance . The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 18 of burns, 11 isolates of wounds, 6 isolates of ear infection and 3 isolates of sputum, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for elected 38 isolation towards the 9 antibiotic by a Bauer - Kirby and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as Ciprofloxacin 65.7%, Norflaxacin 71%, Imipenem 63.1% Meropenem 68.4%, Gentamicin 65.7%, Amikacin 26.3%, Cefepime 68.4%, Ceftazidime 65.7% and Piperacillin 57.8%.Molecular method , All isolates (38) of P. aeruginosa positive for the diagnostic special gene (OprD) genes (100%).

Lectin activity of winter wheat seedlings affected by eyespot causal agent under the action of Bacillus subtilis 537/Б1 bacterial isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
M. Musiienko ◽  
L. Batsmanova ◽  
Ju. Pys'menna ◽  
T. Kondratiuk ◽  
N. Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lectin Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings
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