scholarly journals The prevalence of Acinteobacter baumanii in the tertiary care set up and the rising indifference to the pathogen as a healthcare- associated infection among the healthcare personnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
E. Paul ◽  
E. Shobowale ◽  
I. Alzaydani ◽  
M. Qasem ◽  
M. Mahfouz
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals MICROORGANISMS VARIANTS FOR HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN A SELECTED TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
SARALA KS ◽  
NANDAKUMAR BS ◽  
NARENDRANATH V
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objective: Microorganisms are minute and can be only in microscope and these are not visible to naked eyes. Various types of microbe include bacteria, virus, fungi, and protozoa. These microorganisms are subclassified and these are disease causing leading to mortality and morbidity. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) arise from different variants of microbes and knowing the category of microbes for treating the diseases with specific antibiotics is important for better patient outcome. Methods: Using secondary data, all the patients who had HAI for 3 years were taken into consideration by considering the different variants of microorganisms. Results: Retrospective data collected for the period of 3 years the inpatients who got admitted for more than 48 h of duration, the data collected included the parameters for various microorganisms such as Bacilli, cocci, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Aures, other micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, and Pseudomonas microorganisms. Bacilli group of microorganisms was more common for urinary tract infection, blood stream infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Aures was more common among surgical site infection infections. Conclusions: Most of the patients who had an HAI had two or more different kind of microorganisms which are responsible for spreading infection. There is a need to control microbial flora in the hospital set up as the rate of HAI increases with microbial flora.

scholarly journals Zero Healthcare-Associated COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s73-s73
Author(s):  
Moi Lin Ling ◽  
Molly How ◽  
Kwee Yuen Tan ◽  
Elaine Wee ◽  
Phoon Poh Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Service Staff ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic tests the healthcare system in many ways. The scarcity of resources poses challenges to infection prevention (IP) practices. We describe our experience in managing such scarcity in our care of COVID-19 patients in the hospital as well as community settings. Methods: The hospital pandemic plan traditionally included only plans for healthcare delivery management within the hospital. However, on March 25, 2020, a decision was made by the Ministry of Health to set up swab isolation (SIFs) and community care facilities (CCFs) to meet the growing demand for isolation beds for migrant workers infected by COVID-19. The CCFs were located in convention halls and resort centers and the SIFs were located in facilities previously functioning as hotels. Mobile medical teams were activated to run clinics at the dormitories housing 200,000 migrant workers. The IP team of an acute- and tertiary-care hospital in Singapore was activated to oversee IP measures at facilities managed by medical teams from the hospital, with the goal of zero healthcare-associated COVID-19 cases among staff. Two IP leaders were set up to oversee the IP program at 8 dormitories, 4 SIFs, and 2 CCFs. In total, 12 IP staff and 15 infection prevention liaison officers (IPLOs) were deployed from 2 acute-care hospitals and 3 specialty centers to conduct training in hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment, and to conduct daily audits of compliance to practice guidelines. Education on personal hygiene was also given to patients in these facilities in at least 7 languages. In the SIFs and dormitories, IPLOs were recruited to perform daily audits and feedback to the IP team on issues related to IP at the sites. Results: Since our first COVID-19 patient on January 23, 2020, there has been no report of healthcare-associated COVID-19 within the hospital nor among the medical, administrative, and support service staff working in the external operation facilities. Daily audits showed an average of 99.4% compliance to IP guidelines. Conclusions: IPLOs or IP champions play a significant role in ensuring compliance to IP guidelines. This compliance allows the IP professional to focus on the evaluation of the IP program, managing IP consultations, and planning and implementation of the IP program in nontraditional healthcare settings. The key success factors of the program included the ability to contextualize the planning and implementation of IP programs in various settings, strong leadership support, cohesive teamwork, and effective communication at various levels.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Incidence of healthcare associated infection in the surgical ICU of a tertiary care hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivinder Singh ◽  
R. Chaturvedi ◽  
S.M. Garg ◽  
Rashmi Datta ◽  
Ambikesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Healthcare-Associated Infection and Hospital Readmission

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carley B. Emerson ◽  
Lindsay M. Eyzaguirre ◽  
Jennifer S. Albrecht ◽  
Angela C. Comer ◽  
Anthony D. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Culture Result ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Culture ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Culture Positive

Objective.Hospital readmissions are a current target of initiatives to reduce healthcare costs. This study quantified the association between having a clinical culture positive for 1 of 3 prevalent hospital-associated organisms and time to hospital readmission.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Patients and Setting.Adults admitted to an academic, tertiary care referral center from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2008.Methods.The primary exposure of interest was a clinical culture positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), or Clostridium difficile obtained more than 48 hours after hospital admission during the index hospital stay. The primary outcome of interest was time to readmission to the index facility. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to model the adjusted association between positive clinical culture result and time to readmission and to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results.Among 136,513 index admissions, the prevalence of hospital-associated positive clinical culture result for 1 of the 3 organisms of interest was 3%, and 35% of patients were readmitted to the index facility within 1 year after discharge. Patients with a positive clinical culture obtained more than 48 hours after hospital admission had an increased hazard of readmission (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.33–1.46) after adjusting for age, sex, index admission length of stay, intensive care unit stay, Charlson comorbidity index, and year of hospital admission.Conclusions.Patients with healthcare-associated infections may be at increased risk of hospital readmission. These findings may be used to impact health outcomes after discharge from the hospital and to encourage better infection prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus Povidone-Iodine-alcohol for surgical site antisepsis in caesarean section

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Vishnu Priya Kesani ◽  
Sruthi Talasila ◽  
Sheela S. R.
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Skin Antisepsis ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most common procedures performed. Recent studies found that surgical-site infection (SSI) was the most common healthcare-associated infection. Authors hypothesized that optimization of preoperative skin antisepsis may decrease postoperative infections. The objective was to establish the efficacy of chlorhexidine-based antiseptic protocol versus povidone-iodine protocol in reducing SSI for patients undergoing caesarean deliveries.Methods: This is a randomized prospective study conducted from April 2017 to September 2017 at a tertiary care center in India. Women who underwent caesarean sections were allocated into either group. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to have the surgical site painted with chlorhexidine-alcohol preparation or painted with a solution of 10% povidone-iodine and then with surgical spirit. The outcomes were any SSI occurring within a week or during the 30 day follow up period of the surgery including any of: superficial or deep surgical site infection, or endometritis, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions.Results: A total of 560 subjects (273 in the chlorhexidine group and 287 in the iodine group) qualified for the study. The number of surgical-site infection was significantly lower in the chlorhexidine group than in the iodine group (6.95% vs. 14.28%; P=0.005). Chlorhexidine–alcohol was significantly more protective than iodine-alcohol against both superficial incisional infections (5.49% vs. 10.10%, P=0.03) and deep incisional infections (1.46% vs. 4.18%, P=0.04).Conclusions: This study highlighted that Chlorhexidine-alcohol provided superior skin antisepsis in comparison to povidone iodine-alcohol.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Chlorhexidine Skin Cleansing Methods on Residual Chlorhexidine Skin Concentrations and Bacterial Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoona Rhee ◽  
Louisa J. Palmer ◽  
Koh Okamoto ◽  
Sean Gemunden ◽  
Khaled Hammouda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Polyester Cloth ◽  
Surgical Icus ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Skin Cleansing

BACKGROUNDBathing intensive care unit (ICU) patients with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)–impregnated cloths decreases the risk of healthcare-associated bacteremia and multidrug-resistant organism transmission. Hospitals employ different methods of CHG bathing, and few studies have evaluated whether those methods yield comparable results.OBJECTIVETo determine whether 3 different CHG skin cleansing methods yield similar residual CHG concentrations and bacterial densities on skin.DESIGNProspective, randomized 2-center study with blinded assessment.PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGHealthcare personnel in surgical ICUs at 2 tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Chicago, Illinois, and Boston, Massachusetts, from July 2015 to January 2016.INTERVENTIONCleansing skin of one forearm with no-rinse 2% CHG-impregnated polyester cloth (method A) versus 4% CHG liquid cleansing with rinsing on the contralateral arm, applied with either non–antiseptic-impregnated cellulose/polyester cloth (method B) or cotton washcloth dampened with sterile water (method C).RESULTSIn total, 63 participants (126 forearms) received method A on 1 forearm (n=63). On the contralateral forearm, 33 participants received method B and 30 participants received method C. Immediately and 6 hours after cleansing, method A yielded the highest residual CHG concentrations (2500 µg/mL and 1250 µg/mL, respectively) and lowest bacterial densities compared to methods B or C (P<.001).CONCLUSIONIn healthy volunteers, cleansing with 2% CHG-impregnated cloths yielded higher residual CHG concentrations and lower bacterial densities than cleansing with 4% CHG liquid applied with either of 2 different cloth types and followed by rinsing. The relevance of these differences to clinical outcomes remains to be determined.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:405–411

Community-Associated Strains of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococccus aureusas the Cause of Healthcare-Associated Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca E. Gonzalez ◽  
Adriana M. Rueda ◽  
Samuel A. Shelburne ◽  
Daniel M. Musher ◽  
Richard J. Hamill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objective:Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates from patients with community-associated infection have been described as strains genetically distinct from the strains isolated from patients with healthcare-associated infection. This study examines the hypothesis that community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains now cause serious infections in hospitalized patients.Methods.Thirty-seven clinical MRSA isolates were randomly selected from blood isolates obtained from July 2003 through June 2004. Strains were tested for staphylococcal chromosomal cassettemec(SCCmec) type, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type, and presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Medical records review and epidemiologic classification was performed by an investigator blinded to the results of the bacterial strain analysis. Episodes of bloodstream infection were independently classified as either community-associated or healthcare-associated infections, and bacterial isolates were independently classified as either CA-MRSA strains or healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains, according to established definitions.Setting.A tertiary care Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Results.Twenty-four (65%) of 37 MRSA isolates were SCCmectype IV, a genetic type characteristic of CA-MRSA strains; 22 of these 24 isolates belonged to the CA-MRSA clone USA300 and carried PVL genes. Thirteen (35%) of the 37 strains were SCCmectype II, of which 12 were USA100-ST5 and 12 lacked PVL genes. Thirty patients (81%) had healthcare-associated infections; 18 (60%) of these 30 were infected with isolates carrying markers of CA-MRSA strains. Of 7 patients with CA-MRSA infections, 6 were infected with isolates belonging to the USA300 clone. Patients with healthcare-associated bloodstream infections were as likely to be infected with a CA-MRSA strain as patients with a community-associated infection (P= .38).Conclusions.MRSA strains with molecular characteristics of CA-MRSA strains have emerged as an important cause of serious health-care-associated infection in our hospital.

Application of the multifactor dimensionality reduction method in evaluation of the roles of multiple genes/enzymes in multidrug-resistant acquisition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. YAO ◽  
Y. PENG ◽  
J. BI ◽  
C. XIE ◽  
X. CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction Method ◽  
Healthcare Associated

SUMMARYMultidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) infections are major threats to healthcare-associated infection control and the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of MDRPA are also unclear. We examined 348 isolates of P. aeruginosa, including 188 MDRPA and 160 non-MDRPA, obtained from five tertiary-care hospitals in Guangzhou, China. Significant correlations were found between gene/enzyme carriage and increased rates of antimicrobial resistance (P < 0·01). gyrA mutation, OprD loss and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) presence were identified as crucial molecular risk factors for MDRPA acquisition by a combination of univariate logistic regression and a multifactor dimensionality reduction approach. The MDRPA rate was also elevated with the increase in positive numbers of those three determinants (P < 0·001). Thus, gyrA mutation, OprD loss and MBL presence may serve as predictors for early screening of MDRPA infections in clinical settings.

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